feat: enforce time and open limits in the background via Screen Time extensions

- Shared/ layer compiled into the app and three new extension targets:
  rule snapshots in the app group, the usage ledger, monitoring-plan
  naming, and LimitEnforcement (shared, unit-tested event reactions)
- RuleScheduler mirrors rules to the app group and reconciles
  DeviceActivity monitoring: one daily 00:00-23:59 activity per limit
  rule, with a cumulative usage-threshold event per budget minute for
  time limits; activities restart only when their configuration changes
  (a restart resets threshold accounting)
- OpenAppLockMonitor (DeviceActivityMonitor): midnight budget resets,
  records usage minutes, shields at the budget, re-shields when a
  granted open session ends
- OpenAppLockShieldConfig: open-limit shields show 'Opened X of N times
  today' with an 'Open (Y left)' secondary button
- OpenAppLockShieldAction: an Open press spends one open, lifts the
  rule's shield, and starts the ~15-minute one-shot session
- extensions are classic NSExtension app extensions (the ExtensionKit
  product type expects an @main entry and made the app fail to install);
  shield-store tracking moved to app-group defaults so the app and
  extensions see one consistent set
- maps iOS 26's new .approvedWithDataAccess authorization status to
  approved (it previously fell through @unknown default to notDetermined)
- shares the OpenAppLock scheme (Xcode dropped the autocreated one when
  targets were added)

AGENTS.md

@@ -10,18 +10,32 @@ feature set is a clone of Opal's "Rules"; the presentation is bare native iOS
 
 ```
 OpenAppLock/                    App target (iOS 26, SwiftUI + SwiftData)
-  Models/                   BlockingRule (@Model), RuleDraft, RuleKind,
+  Models/                   BlockingRule + AppList (@Model), RuleDraft,
-                            Weekday, RulePreset
+                            RulePreset
   Logic/                    Pure, heavily unit-tested:
-                            RuleSchedule (window math, incl. overnight),
+                            RuleStatus (derived status + labels, usage-aware),
-                            RuleStatus (derived status + labels),
+                            RulePolicy (Hard Mode gating, unblock/pause,
-                            RulePolicy (Hard Mode gating, unblock/pause)
+                            app-list lock), UsageDisplay (Usage-section text)
   Services/                 ScreenTimeAuthorization (FamilyControls behind a
-                            protocol + mock), ShieldController (ManagedSettings
+                            protocol + mock), RuleEnforcer (rules → shields),
-                            shields + adult-content web filter + mock),
+                            RuleScheduler (rules → DeviceActivity monitoring),
-                            RuleEnforcer (active rules → shields),
+                            AppListMigration, LaunchConfiguration +
-                            LaunchConfiguration + SampleRules (UI-test harness)
+                            SampleRules (UI-test harness)
   Views/                    Native SwiftUI screens (see docs spec §6)
+Shared/                     Compiled into the app AND all three extensions:
+                            RuleKind, Weekday, RuleSchedule, AppGroup,
+                            UsageLedger (per-day minutes/opens),
+                            RuleSnapshot(+Store) (rule mirror in the app
+                            group), MonitoringPlan (activity/event naming),
+                            LimitEnforcement (shared event reactions),
+                            ShieldController, ShieldLookup
+OpenAppLockMonitor/         DeviceActivityMonitor extension: midnight resets,
+                            usage-minute checkpoints → shield at the limit,
+                            open-session expiry
+OpenAppLockShieldConfig/    ShieldConfiguration extension: "Opened X of N" +
+                            Open button on open-limit shields
+OpenAppLockShieldAction/    ShieldAction extension: Open press spends an open,
+                            lifts the shield, starts the ~15-min session
 OpenAppLockTests/               Swift Testing unit suites (@MainActor — the app
                             target defaults to MainActor isolation)
 OpenAppLockUITests/             XCUITest flows (see harness below)
@@ -98,23 +112,46 @@ them): `newRuleButton`, `ruleCard-<name>`, `ruleStatus-<name>`,
 `allowScreenTimeButton`, `permissionDeniedLabel`, `openSettingsButton`.
 
 Gotchas learned the hard way:
+- **SwiftData relationships**: never assign a relationship property (e.g.
+  `rule.appList`) inside a model's `init` or on un-inserted instances —
+  insert both models into a context first, then wire them.
+- **SwiftData container churn**: repeatedly creating `ModelContainer`s for
+  this schema traps intermittently (EXC_BREAKPOINT inside SwiftData's
+  configuration setup), which Xcode shows as a test "hang" paused at a
+  breakpoint. Unit tests must go through `makeInMemoryContext()`
+  (TestSupport.swift): one shared container per process, fresh context +
+  data wipe per test.
 - Identifiers on SwiftUI containers need `.accessibilityElement(children:
   .combine)` (or a Button/control) to be queryable.
 - List/Form section headers render uppercased unless `.textCase(nil)` —
   tests assert exact header strings.
-- Inside tinted Button rows, hierarchical `.primary`/`.secondary` foreground
+- Inside tinted Button rows, hierarchical `.primary`/`.secondary`/`.tertiary`
-  styles resolve to the tint; use concrete `Color.primary`/`Color.secondary`.
+  foreground styles resolve to the tint (e.g. blue chevrons); use concrete
+  `Color.primary`/`Color.secondary`/`Color(.tertiaryLabel)`.
 - The unblock confirmation dialog is queried via `app.sheets.buttons[...]`
   (a bare `buttons["Unblock"]` is ambiguous with the row label).
 
 ## Known gaps / next steps
 
-- **No DeviceActivityMonitor extension yet**: shields apply/clear only while
+- **On-device verification of limit enforcement is pending.** The
-  the app runs (launch, foreground 30s loop). Background window transitions,
+  DeviceActivity monitor + shield extensions and the app group are in place,
-  and any real enforcement for Time Limit / Open Limit rules (usage
+  but real blocking/usage tracking is only observable on a device (the
-  thresholds), require adding the extension target + app group.
+  simulator neither tracks usage nor renders custom shields). Verify: time
-- Time Limit / Open Limit rules are fully modeled, editable, and displayed,
+  limits accrue in the Usage section and block at the budget; open-limit
-  but not enforced (see above).
+  apps shield immediately with an "Open (N left)" button; an open lasts
+  ~15 minutes (DeviceActivity's minimum interval) before re-shielding.
+- **Schedule-rule background transitions** still rely on the app running
+  (launch / foreground 30s loop); schedule rules have no DeviceActivity
+  monitoring yet — only limit rules do.
 - `FamilyActivityPicker` shows few apps on the simulator; fine on device.
+- `FamilyActivityPicker` **silently ignores selections** (binding never
+  updates, rows still show checkmarks) unless real FamilyControls
+  authorization has been granted — in `-ui-testing` launches authorization
+  is mocked, so picker selections can never be asserted in UI tests. To
+  verify selection flows manually on the simulator, launch without
+  `-ui-testing`, complete onboarding, and approve the system Screen Time
+  prompts ("Allow with Passcode" works on the simulator).
 - Distribution (App Store) requires Apple's approval for the Family Controls
-  entitlement; development builds work with the dev entitlement.
+  entitlement **for the app and each extension bundle ID**
+  (`dev.bchen.OpenAppLock`, `.Monitor`, `.ShieldConfig`, `.ShieldAction`);
+  development builds work with the dev entitlement.

OpenAppLock.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -6,7 +6,34 @@
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 	objects = {
 
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@@ -45,8 +75,77 @@
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@@ -69,6 +168,27 @@
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@@ -76,6 +196,10 @@
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@@ -88,6 +212,9 @@
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@@ -102,13 +229,18 @@
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@@ -163,6 +295,75 @@
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@@ -203,6 +404,9 @@
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+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = OpenAppLockShieldConfig/Info.plist;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = OpenAppLockShieldConfig;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 26.0;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
+					"@executable_path/../../Frameworks",
+				);
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = dev.bchen.OpenAppLock.ShieldConfig;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				SDKROOT = auto;
+				SKIP_INSTALL = YES;
+				SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS = "iphoneos iphonesimulator";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		E50000000000000000000022 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = OpenAppLockShieldConfig/OpenAppLockShieldConfig.entitlements;
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = 4A9XHUS87Q;
+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = OpenAppLockShieldConfig/Info.plist;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = OpenAppLockShieldConfig;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 26.0;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
+					"@executable_path/../../Frameworks",
+				);
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = dev.bchen.OpenAppLock.ShieldConfig;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				SDKROOT = auto;
+				SKIP_INSTALL = YES;
+				SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS = "iphoneos iphonesimulator";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		E50000000000000000000031 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = OpenAppLockShieldAction/OpenAppLockShieldAction.entitlements;
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = 4A9XHUS87Q;
+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = OpenAppLockShieldAction/Info.plist;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = OpenAppLockShieldAction;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 26.0;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
+					"@executable_path/../../Frameworks",
+				);
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = dev.bchen.OpenAppLock.ShieldAction;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				SDKROOT = auto;
+				SKIP_INSTALL = YES;
+				SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS = "iphoneos iphonesimulator";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		E50000000000000000000032 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = OpenAppLockShieldAction/OpenAppLockShieldAction.entitlements;
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = 4A9XHUS87Q;
+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = OpenAppLockShieldAction/Info.plist;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = OpenAppLockShieldAction;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 26.0;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
+					"@executable_path/../../Frameworks",
+				);
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = dev.bchen.OpenAppLock.ShieldAction;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				SDKROOT = auto;
+				SKIP_INSTALL = YES;
+				SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS = "iphoneos iphonesimulator";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
 /* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
 
 /* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
@@ -608,6 +1031,33 @@
 			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
 			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
 		};
+		E40000000000000000000001 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "OpenAppLockMonitor" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				E50000000000000000000011 /* Debug */,
+				E50000000000000000000012 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		E40000000000000000000002 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "OpenAppLockShieldConfig" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				E50000000000000000000021 /* Debug */,
+				E50000000000000000000022 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		E40000000000000000000003 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "OpenAppLockShieldAction" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				E50000000000000000000031 /* Debug */,
+				E50000000000000000000032 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
 /* End XCConfigurationList section */
 	};
 	rootObject = 20A7EDC62E47B7CD0097608D /* Project object */;

OpenAppLock.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/OpenAppLock.xcscheme

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Scheme
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "2600"
+   version = "1.7">
+   <BuildAction
+      parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
+      buildImplicitDependencies = "YES">
+      <BuildActionEntries>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "YES"
+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "20A7EDCD2E47B7CD0097608D"
+               BuildableName = "OpenAppLock.app"
+               BlueprintName = "OpenAppLock"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:OpenAppLock.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+      </BuildActionEntries>
+   </BuildAction>
+   <TestAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      shouldAutocreateTestPlan = "YES">
+      <Testables>
+         <TestableReference
+            skipped = "NO">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "20A7EDDC2E47B7CF0097608D"
+               BuildableName = "OpenAppLockTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "OpenAppLockTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:OpenAppLock.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </TestableReference>
+         <TestableReference
+            skipped = "NO">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "20A7EDE62E47B7CF0097608D"
+               BuildableName = "OpenAppLockUITests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "OpenAppLockUITests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:OpenAppLock.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "20A7EDCD2E47B7CD0097608D"
+            BuildableName = "OpenAppLock.app"
+            BlueprintName = "OpenAppLock"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:OpenAppLock.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "20A7EDCD2E47B7CD0097608D"
+            BuildableName = "OpenAppLock.app"
+            BlueprintName = "OpenAppLock"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:OpenAppLock.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>

OpenAppLock/Logic/RulePolicy.swift

@@ -8,58 +8,88 @@ import Foundation
 /// Gates every mutation of a rule. This is where Hard Mode is enforced:
 /// while a hard-mode rule is actively blocking, nothing about it can be
 /// weakened until the window ends.
+///
+/// Limit rules block on spent usage rather than the clock, so their gates
+/// take the day's `RuleUsage`; passing nil treats them as not blocking.
 enum RulePolicy {
     /// True while the rule is actively blocking with Hard Mode on.
     static func isHardLocked(
-        _ rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+        _ rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage? = nil,
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) -> Bool {
-        rule.hardMode && rule.status(at: now, calendar: calendar).isActive
+        rule.hardMode && rule.status(at: now, calendar: calendar, usage: usage).isActive
     }
 
     static func canEdit(
-        _ rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+        _ rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage? = nil,
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) -> Bool {
-        !isHardLocked(rule, at: now, calendar: calendar)
+        !isHardLocked(rule, usage: usage, at: now, calendar: calendar)
     }
 
     static func canDisable(
-        _ rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+        _ rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage? = nil,
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) -> Bool {
-        !isHardLocked(rule, at: now, calendar: calendar)
+        !isHardLocked(rule, usage: usage, at: now, calendar: calendar)
     }
 
     static func canDelete(
-        _ rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+        _ rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage? = nil,
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) -> Bool {
-        !isHardLocked(rule, at: now, calendar: calendar)
+        !isHardLocked(rule, usage: usage, at: now, calendar: calendar)
     }
 
     /// Whether the user may lift the current block early ("Unblock").
-    /// Requires an active window and Hard Mode off.
+    /// Requires an active block and Hard Mode off.
     static func canUnblock(
-        _ rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+        _ rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage? = nil,
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) -> Bool {
-        rule.status(at: now, calendar: calendar).isActive && !rule.hardMode
+        rule.status(at: now, calendar: calendar, usage: usage).isActive && !rule.hardMode
     }
 
     /// Hard Mode can always be turned on, but never off while the rule is
     /// actively blocking — that is the whole point of a hard block.
     static func canTurnOffHardMode(
-        _ rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+        _ rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage? = nil,
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) -> Bool {
-        !isHardLocked(rule, at: now, calendar: calendar)
+        !isHardLocked(rule, usage: usage, at: now, calendar: calendar)
     }
 
-    /// Pauses the rule's current window. Returns false (and changes nothing)
+    /// App lists feed active shields, so while any hard-mode rule is actively
-    /// when unblocking is not allowed.
+    /// blocking, no list may be edited or deleted — changing a list would be a
+    /// back door out of the hard block. Creating new lists and picking lists
+    /// for other rules stay allowed; they cannot weaken an active block.
+    static func canEditAppLists(
+        rules: [BlockingRule], usageFor: (BlockingRule) -> RuleUsage? = { _ in nil },
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) -> Bool {
+        !rules.contains {
+            isHardLocked($0, usage: usageFor($0), at: now, calendar: calendar)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Pauses the rule's current block. Returns false (and changes nothing)
+    /// when unblocking is not allowed. Schedule rules re-arm at their next
+    /// window; limit rules re-arm at midnight with the next day's budget.
     @discardableResult
     static func unblock(
-        _ rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+        _ rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage? = nil,
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) -> Bool {
-        guard canUnblock(rule, at: now, calendar: calendar),
+        guard canUnblock(rule, usage: usage, at: now, calendar: calendar) else { return false }
-              let window = rule.schedule.activeWindow(containing: now, calendar: calendar)
+        switch rule.kind {
+        case .schedule:
+            guard let window = rule.schedule.activeWindow(containing: now, calendar: calendar)
             else { return false }
             rule.pausedUntil = window.end
+        case .timeLimit, .openLimit:
+            guard let midnight = calendar.nextMidnight(after: now) else { return false }
+            rule.pausedUntil = midnight
+        }
         return true
     }
 }

OpenAppLock/Logic/RuleStatus.swift

@@ -45,14 +45,25 @@ enum RuleStatus: Equatable, Sendable {
 }
 
 extension BlockingRule {
-    /// Live status of this rule. Schedule rules derive it from their time window;
+    /// Live status of this rule. Schedule rules derive it from their time
-    /// time/open-limit rules report upcoming based on their enabled days only
+    /// window. Time/open-limit rules derive it from the day's usage: once the
-    /// (their blocking is triggered by usage, not the clock).
+    /// budget is spent on an enabled day they are active (blocking) until the
-    func status(at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current) -> RuleStatus {
+    /// next midnight; without usage data they report upcoming.
+    func status(
+        at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current, usage: RuleUsage? = nil
+    ) -> RuleStatus {
         guard isEnabled else { return .disabled }
         guard !days.isEmpty else { return .dormant }
 
         guard kind == .schedule else {
+            if let usage, isScheduledToday(at: now, calendar: calendar),
+               limitReached(given: usage),
+               let midnight = calendar.nextMidnight(after: now) {
+                if let pausedUntil, pausedUntil > now {
+                    return .paused(until: min(pausedUntil, midnight))
+                }
+                return .active(until: midnight)
+            }
             guard let next = schedule.nextStart(after: now, calendar: calendar) else {
                 return .dormant
             }
@@ -70,4 +81,30 @@ extension BlockingRule {
         }
         return .dormant
     }
+
+    /// Whether the rule's enabled days include the day containing `now`.
+    func isScheduledToday(at now: Date, calendar: Calendar = .current) -> Bool {
+        guard let weekday = Weekday(rawValue: calendar.component(.weekday, from: now)) else {
+            return false
+        }
+        return days.contains(weekday)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the given usage exhausts this rule's daily budget.
+    /// Always false for schedule rules — they block by the clock.
+    func limitReached(given usage: RuleUsage) -> Bool {
+        switch kind {
+        case .schedule: false
+        case .timeLimit: usage.minutesUsed >= dailyLimitMinutes
+        case .openLimit: usage.opensUsed >= maxOpens
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension Calendar {
+    /// The first instant of the day after the one containing `date` — the
+    /// "Tomorrow" reset point for spent limit budgets.
+    func nextMidnight(after date: Date) -> Date? {
+        self.date(byAdding: .day, value: 1, to: startOfDay(for: date))
+    }
 }

OpenAppLock/Logic/UsageDisplay.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//
+//  UsageDisplay.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// Strings for the home screen's Usage section. Used values clamp to the
+/// budget so overshoot (thresholds can fire late) never reads "50m of 45m".
+enum UsageDisplay {
+    /// "18m of 45m used today" / "2 of 5 opens today".
+    static func subtitle(for rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage) -> String {
+        switch rule.kind {
+        case .schedule:
+            ""
+        case .timeLimit:
+            "\(min(usage.minutesUsed, rule.dailyLimitMinutes))m of "
+                + "\(rule.dailyLimitMinutes)m used today"
+        case .openLimit:
+            "\(min(usage.opensUsed, rule.maxOpens)) of \(rule.maxOpens) opens today"
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// "27m left" / "3 opens left", or the blocked/unblocked state once the
+    /// budget is spent.
+    static func remainingLabel(for rule: BlockingRule, usage: RuleUsage, isPaused: Bool) -> String {
+        guard !rule.limitReached(given: usage) else {
+            return isPaused ? "Unblocked until tomorrow" : "Blocked until tomorrow"
+        }
+        switch rule.kind {
+        case .schedule:
+            return ""
+        case .timeLimit:
+            return "\(rule.dailyLimitMinutes - usage.minutesUsed)m left"
+        case .openLimit:
+            let remaining = rule.maxOpens - usage.opensUsed
+            return remaining == 1 ? "1 open left" : "\(remaining) opens left"
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenAppLock/Models/AppList.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//
+//  AppList.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import SwiftData
+
+/// A named, reusable selection of apps/categories/websites. Rules point at a
+/// list, so editing the list affects every rule that uses it. Deleting a list
+/// detaches it from its rules (they fall back to "no apps").
+@Model
+final class AppList {
+    @Attribute(.unique) var id: UUID
+    var name: String
+    /// Encoded `FamilyActivitySelection` (opaque tokens). Nil until apps are picked.
+    var selectionData: Data?
+    /// Denormalized count of selected apps/categories/domains for display.
+    var selectionCount: Int
+    var createdAt: Date
+
+    @Relationship(deleteRule: .nullify, inverse: \BlockingRule.appList)
+    var rules: [BlockingRule] = []
+
+    init(
+        id: UUID = UUID(),
+        name: String,
+        selectionData: Data? = nil,
+        selectionCount: Int = 0,
+        createdAt: Date = .now
+    ) {
+        self.id = id
+        self.name = name
+        self.selectionData = selectionData
+        self.selectionCount = selectionCount
+        self.createdAt = createdAt
+    }
+
+    /// Whether any rule currently points at this list (guards deletion).
+    static func isInUse(_ list: AppList, context: ModelContext) -> Bool {
+        let listID = list.id
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<BlockingRule>(
+            predicate: #Predicate { $0.appList?.id == listID }
+        )
+        return ((try? context.fetchCount(descriptor)) ?? 0) > 0
+    }
+}

OpenAppLock/Models/BlockingRule.swift

@@ -23,9 +23,17 @@ final class BlockingRule {
     /// Inline default so existing stores migrate cleanly.
     var blockAdultContent: Bool = false
     var selectionModeRaw: String
-    /// Encoded `FamilyActivitySelection` (opaque tokens). Nil until the user picks apps.
+    /// The reusable app list this rule blocks (or allows, in Allow Only mode).
+    ///
+    /// Deliberately not an `init` parameter: SwiftData relationship properties
+    /// must only be assigned once both models are inserted in a context —
+    /// writing them on unmanaged instances traps intermittently inside
+    /// SwiftData (EXC_BREAKPOINT on the next insert/save).
+    var appList: AppList?
+    /// Legacy inline selection, superseded by `appList`. Kept only so
+    /// `AppListMigration` can read pre-app-list stores; always nil afterwards.
     var selectionData: Data?
-    /// Denormalized count of selected apps/categories/domains for display.
+    /// Legacy denormalized count; superseded by `appList?.selectionCount`.
     var selectionCount: Int
     var dayNumbers: [Int]
     var startMinutes: Int

OpenAppLock/Models/RuleDraft.swift

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 //
 
 import Foundation
+import SwiftData
 
 /// Value-type working copy of a rule used by the editors, so cancelling an
 /// edit never touches the persisted model. Hashable so it can drive
@@ -19,8 +20,10 @@ struct RuleDraft: Hashable {
     var hardMode: Bool
     var blockAdultContent: Bool
     var selectionMode: SelectionMode
-    var selectionData: Data?
+    /// Reference to the persisted list the rule will use. App lists are
-    var selectionCount: Int
+    /// managed (created/edited) directly by the picker, so the draft only
+    /// carries the pointer.
+    var appList: AppList?
 
     /// A fresh draft for a new rule of the given kind, using the reference
     /// app's defaults (9–5 weekdays schedule, 45m/day, 5 opens/day).
@@ -35,8 +38,7 @@ struct RuleDraft: Hashable {
         self.hardMode = false
         self.blockAdultContent = false
         self.selectionMode = .block
-        self.selectionData = nil
+        self.appList = nil
-        self.selectionCount = 0
     }
 
     init(rule: BlockingRule) {
@@ -50,8 +52,7 @@ struct RuleDraft: Hashable {
         self.hardMode = rule.hardMode
         self.blockAdultContent = rule.blockAdultContent
         self.selectionMode = rule.selectionMode
-        self.selectionData = rule.selectionData
+        self.appList = rule.appList
-        self.selectionCount = rule.selectionCount
     }
 
     init(preset: RulePreset) {
@@ -62,6 +63,9 @@ struct RuleDraft: Hashable {
         self.endMinutes = preset.endMinutes
     }
 
+    /// Writes the draft back onto a rule. The rule (and the chosen list) must
+    /// already be inserted in a context: SwiftData relationships may only be
+    /// assigned between managed models (see `BlockingRule.appList`).
     func apply(to rule: BlockingRule) {
         rule.name = name
         rule.kind = kind
@@ -73,22 +77,32 @@ struct RuleDraft: Hashable {
         rule.hardMode = hardMode
         rule.blockAdultContent = blockAdultContent
         rule.selectionMode = selectionMode
-        rule.selectionData = selectionData
+        if rule.appList !== appList {
-        rule.selectionCount = selectionCount
+            rule.appList = appList
+        }
     }
 
-    func makeRule() -> BlockingRule {
+    /// Creates and inserts a new rule from this draft. The rule is inserted
+    /// *before* the draft is applied so the app-list relationship is only
+    /// ever written on a managed model.
+    @discardableResult
+    func insertRule(into context: ModelContext) -> BlockingRule {
         let rule = BlockingRule(name: name, kind: kind)
+        context.insert(rule)
         apply(to: rule)
         return rule
     }
 
-    /// Trims the name and falls back to the kind's default when it is empty,
+    /// Trims the name (falling back to the kind's default when it is empty)
-    /// so a cleared name field can never produce an unnamed rule.
+    /// and forces Block mode for time- and open-limit rules — Allow Only is a
+    /// schedule-rule concept.
     func sanitized() -> RuleDraft {
         var copy = self
         let trimmed = name.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces)
         copy.name = trimmed.isEmpty ? kind.defaultRuleName : trimmed
+        if kind != .schedule {
+            copy.selectionMode = .block
+        }
         return copy
     }
 

OpenAppLock/OpenAppLock.entitlements

@@ -4,5 +4,9 @@
 <dict>
 	<key>com.apple.developer.family-controls</key>
 	<true/>
+	<key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>group.dev.bchen.OpenAppLock</string>
+	</array>
 </dict>
 </plist>

OpenAppLock/OpenAppLockApp.swift

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ struct OpenAppLockApp: App {
             UserDefaults.standard.set(onboardingCompleted, forKey: "hasCompletedOnboarding")
         }
 
-        let schema = Schema([BlockingRule.self])
+        let schema = Schema([BlockingRule.self, AppList.self])
         let modelConfiguration = ModelConfiguration(
             schema: schema, isStoredInMemoryOnly: config.isUITesting
         )
@@ -31,9 +31,14 @@ struct OpenAppLockApp: App {
             fatalError("Could not create ModelContainer: \(error)")
         }
 
+        let usageLedger: UsageReading = config.isUITesting ? MockUsageLedger() : UsageLedger()
+
         if let scenario = config.seedScenario {
-            SampleRules.seed(scenario, into: container.mainContext)
+            SampleRules.seed(
+                scenario, into: container.mainContext, usage: usageLedger as? MockUsageLedger
+            )
         }
+        AppListMigration.run(in: container.mainContext)
 
         let authProvider: AuthorizationProviding =
             config.isUITesting
@@ -45,7 +50,11 @@ struct OpenAppLockApp: App {
 
         let shields: ShieldApplying =
             config.isUITesting ? MockShieldController() : ManagedSettingsShieldController()
-        _enforcer = State(initialValue: RuleEnforcer(shields: shields))
+        let scheduler =
+            config.isUITesting
+            ? nil : RuleScheduler(monitor: DeviceActivityCenterMonitor())
+        _enforcer = State(
+            initialValue: RuleEnforcer(shields: shields, usage: usageLedger, scheduler: scheduler))
     }
 
     var body: some Scene {

OpenAppLock/Services/AppListMigration.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//
+//  AppListMigration.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import SwiftData
+
+/// One-time launch migration from the legacy model where every rule carried
+/// its own inline `FamilyActivitySelection` to shared, reusable app lists.
+///
+/// Each rule that still has inline selection data gets a list named after it;
+/// rules with byte-identical selections share a single list. The inline copy
+/// is cleared afterwards, which also makes the migration idempotent.
+enum AppListMigration {
+    static func run(in context: ModelContext) {
+        let descriptor = FetchDescriptor<BlockingRule>(
+            predicate: #Predicate { $0.selectionData != nil }
+        )
+        guard let legacyRules = try? context.fetch(descriptor), !legacyRules.isEmpty else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        var listsBySelection: [Data: AppList] = [:]
+        for rule in legacyRules.sorted(by: { $0.createdAt < $1.createdAt }) {
+            guard rule.appList == nil, let selectionData = rule.selectionData else { continue }
+            let list: AppList
+            if let existing = listsBySelection[selectionData] {
+                list = existing
+            } else {
+                list = AppList(
+                    name: "\(rule.name) Apps",
+                    selectionData: selectionData,
+                    selectionCount: rule.selectionCount
+                )
+                context.insert(list)
+                listsBySelection[selectionData] = list
+            }
+            rule.appList = list
+            rule.selectionData = nil
+            rule.selectionCount = 0
+        }
+        try? context.save()
+    }
+}

OpenAppLock/Services/LaunchConfiguration.swift

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ struct LaunchConfiguration: Equatable {
         case standard
         /// An actively blocking Hard Mode rule ("Locked In") plus an upcoming rule.
         case hardModeActive = "hard-mode-active"
+        /// Limit rules with seeded usage: "Time Keeper" (18m of 45m),
+        /// "Gate Keeper" (2 of 5 opens), and "Doom Scroll" (budget spent →
+        /// blocked until tomorrow).
+        case limits
     }
 
     var isUITesting = false

OpenAppLock/Services/RuleEnforcer.swift

@@ -7,18 +7,39 @@ import Foundation
 import Observation
 
 /// Turns the current set of rules into shield state: schedule rules with an
-/// active, un-paused window are shielded; everything else is cleared.
+/// active, un-paused window are shielded, and limit rules whose daily budget
+/// is spent (per the usage ledger) are shielded until midnight; everything
+/// else is cleared.
 ///
-/// Time-limit and open-limit rules need a DeviceActivity monitor extension to
+/// Background transitions (and usage tracking itself) belong to the
-/// react to usage thresholds in the background; they are persisted and shown
+/// DeviceActivity monitor extension; this keeps shields correct while the
-/// in the UI but not yet enforced here.
+/// app runs.
 @Observable
 final class RuleEnforcer {
     private(set) var blockingRuleIDs: Set<UUID> = []
     private let shields: ShieldApplying
+    /// Mirrors rules to the app group and keeps DeviceActivity monitoring in
+    /// step; nil in UI-test launches.
+    private let scheduler: RuleScheduler?
+    /// Day-usage source consulted for limit rules; also exposed to views for
+    /// the Usage section.
+    let usageReader: UsageReading
 
-    init(shields: ShieldApplying) {
+    init(
+        shields: ShieldApplying, usage: UsageReading = UsageLedger(),
+        scheduler: RuleScheduler? = nil
+    ) {
         self.shields = shields
+        self.usageReader = usage
+        self.scheduler = scheduler
+    }
+
+    /// The day's usage for a rule (nil for schedule rules, which don't track).
+    func usage(
+        for rule: BlockingRule, at now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) -> RuleUsage? {
+        guard rule.kind != .schedule else { return nil }
+        return usageReader.usage(for: rule.id, onDayContaining: now, calendar: calendar)
     }
 
     /// Recomputes shields from scratch. Call on launch, on any rule change,
@@ -29,18 +50,19 @@ final class RuleEnforcer {
             if let pausedUntil = rule.pausedUntil, pausedUntil <= now {
                 rule.pausedUntil = nil
             }
-            guard rule.kind == .schedule,
+            let usage = usage(for: rule, at: now, calendar: calendar)
-                  rule.status(at: now, calendar: calendar).isActive
+            guard rule.status(at: now, calendar: calendar, usage: usage).isActive else { continue }
-            else { continue }
             active.insert(rule.id)
             shields.applyShield(
                 ruleID: rule.id,
-                selectionData: rule.selectionData,
+                selectionData: rule.appList?.selectionData,
-                mode: rule.selectionMode,
+                // Allow Only is a schedule-rule concept; limit blocks always Block.
+                mode: rule.kind == .schedule ? rule.selectionMode : .block,
                 blockAdultContent: rule.blockAdultContent
             )
         }
         shields.clearShields(except: active)
         blockingRuleIDs = active
+        scheduler?.sync(rules: rules, at: now)
     }
 }

OpenAppLock/Services/RuleScheduler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+//
+//  RuleScheduler.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import DeviceActivity
+import FamilyControls
+import Foundation
+
+/// Abstracts `DeviceActivityCenter` so scheduling can be unit-tested.
+protocol ActivityMonitoring: AnyObject {
+    /// Starts (or replaces) an always-on, midnight-to-midnight repeating
+    /// activity. `eventMinutes` maps event names to cumulative usage
+    /// thresholds (in minutes) over the rule's selection.
+    func startDailyMonitoring(
+        name: String, selectionData: Data?, eventMinutes: [String: Int]
+    ) throws
+    func stopMonitoring(names: [String])
+    var monitoredNames: [String] { get }
+}
+
+/// Mirrors rules into the shared snapshot store and reconciles
+/// DeviceActivity monitoring with the enabled limit rules: each one gets a
+/// daily activity (time limits with one usage checkpoint per budget minute).
+/// Activities are only restarted when their configuration changes — a
+/// restart resets checkpoint accounting to "usage from now on".
+final class RuleScheduler {
+    private static let fingerprintsKey = "monitoringFingerprints"
+
+    private let monitor: ActivityMonitoring
+    private let snapshots: RuleSnapshotStore
+    private let defaults: UserDefaults
+
+    init(
+        monitor: ActivityMonitoring,
+        snapshots: RuleSnapshotStore = RuleSnapshotStore(),
+        defaults: UserDefaults = AppGroup.defaults
+    ) {
+        self.monitor = monitor
+        self.snapshots = snapshots
+        self.defaults = defaults
+    }
+
+    func sync(rules: [BlockingRule], at now: Date = .now) {
+        snapshots.save(rules.map(RuleSnapshot.init))
+
+        var fingerprints = storedFingerprints
+        var desiredNames: Set<String> = []
+
+        for rule in rules where rule.kind != .schedule {
+            guard rule.isEnabled, let selectionData = rule.appList?.selectionData else { continue }
+            let name = MonitoringPlan.dailyActivityName(for: rule.id)
+            desiredNames.insert(name)
+
+            let events =
+                rule.kind == .timeLimit
+                ? MonitoringPlan.minuteEvents(forLimit: rule.dailyLimitMinutes)
+                : [:]
+            let fingerprint = "\(rule.kindRaw)|\(rule.dailyLimitMinutes)|"
+                + "\(selectionData.hashValue)"
+            guard fingerprints[name] != fingerprint || !monitor.monitoredNames.contains(name)
+            else { continue }
+
+            do {
+                try monitor.startDailyMonitoring(
+                    name: name, selectionData: selectionData, eventMinutes: events)
+                fingerprints[name] = fingerprint
+            } catch {
+                // Monitoring is best-effort here; the next sync retries.
+                // (Throws on the simulator and when authorization is missing.)
+            }
+        }
+
+        let stale = monitor.monitoredNames.filter {
+            MonitoringPlan.ruleID(fromDailyActivityName: $0) != nil && !desiredNames.contains($0)
+        }
+        if !stale.isEmpty {
+            monitor.stopMonitoring(names: stale)
+            for name in stale {
+                fingerprints[name] = nil
+            }
+        }
+        storedFingerprints = fingerprints
+    }
+
+    private var storedFingerprints: [String: String] {
+        get { defaults.dictionary(forKey: Self.fingerprintsKey) as? [String: String] ?? [:] }
+        set { defaults.set(newValue, forKey: Self.fingerprintsKey) }
+    }
+}
+
+extension RuleSnapshot {
+    init(rule: BlockingRule) {
+        self.init(
+            id: rule.id,
+            name: rule.name,
+            kindRaw: rule.kindRaw,
+            isEnabled: rule.isEnabled,
+            hardMode: rule.hardMode,
+            blockAdultContent: rule.blockAdultContent,
+            selectionModeRaw: rule.selectionModeRaw,
+            selectionData: rule.appList?.selectionData,
+            dayNumbers: rule.dayNumbers,
+            dailyLimitMinutes: rule.dailyLimitMinutes,
+            maxOpens: rule.maxOpens,
+            pausedUntil: rule.pausedUntil
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Real DeviceActivity scheduling. Each daily activity repeats from midnight
+/// to 23:59 with usage-threshold events over the rule's selection.
+final class DeviceActivityCenterMonitor: ActivityMonitoring {
+    private let center = DeviceActivityCenter()
+
+    var monitoredNames: [String] {
+        center.activities.map(\.rawValue)
+    }
+
+    func startDailyMonitoring(
+        name: String, selectionData: Data?, eventMinutes: [String: Int]
+    ) throws {
+        let selection = AppSelectionCodec.decode(selectionData)
+        let schedule = DeviceActivitySchedule(
+            intervalStart: DateComponents(hour: 0, minute: 0),
+            intervalEnd: DateComponents(hour: 23, minute: 59),
+            repeats: true
+        )
+        let events = Dictionary(
+            uniqueKeysWithValues: eventMinutes.map { eventName, minutes in
+                (
+                    DeviceActivityEvent.Name(eventName),
+                    DeviceActivityEvent(
+                        applications: selection.applicationTokens,
+                        categories: selection.categoryTokens,
+                        webDomains: selection.webDomainTokens,
+                        threshold: DateComponents(minute: minutes)
+                    )
+                )
+            }
+        )
+        try center.startMonitoring(DeviceActivityName(name), during: schedule, events: events)
+    }
+
+    func stopMonitoring(names: [String]) {
+        center.stopMonitoring(names.map { DeviceActivityName($0) })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Records scheduling calls for tests.
+final class MockActivityMonitor: ActivityMonitoring {
+    private(set) var startedEvents: [String: [String: Int]] = [:]
+    private(set) var startCallCount = 0
+    private(set) var monitoredNames: [String] = []
+
+    func startDailyMonitoring(
+        name: String, selectionData: Data?, eventMinutes: [String: Int]
+    ) throws {
+        startCallCount += 1
+        startedEvents[name] = eventMinutes
+        if !monitoredNames.contains(name) {
+            monitoredNames.append(name)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func stopMonitoring(names: [String]) {
+        monitoredNames.removeAll(where: names.contains)
+        for name in names {
+            startedEvents[name] = nil
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenAppLock/Services/SampleRules.swift

@@ -12,16 +12,46 @@ enum SampleRules {
     static func seed(
         _ scenario: LaunchConfiguration.SeedScenario,
         into context: ModelContext,
+        usage: MockUsageLedger? = nil,
         now: Date = .now,
         calendar: Calendar = .current
     ) {
+        // Shared list so seeded rules demonstrate the app-list UI. The count
+        // is display-only; UI tests never decode real tokens.
+        let distractions = AppList(name: "Distractions", selectionCount: 3)
+        context.insert(distractions)
+
+        let rules: [BlockingRule]
         switch scenario {
         case .standard:
-            context.insert(activeRule(named: "Work Time", hardMode: false, now: now, calendar: calendar))
+            rules = [
-            context.insert(upcomingRule(named: "Sleep", now: now, calendar: calendar))
+                activeRule(named: "Work Time", hardMode: false, now: now, calendar: calendar),
+                upcomingRule(named: "Sleep", now: now, calendar: calendar),
+            ]
         case .hardModeActive:
-            context.insert(activeRule(named: "Locked In", hardMode: true, now: now, calendar: calendar))
+            rules = [
-            context.insert(upcomingRule(named: "Sleep", now: now, calendar: calendar))
+                activeRule(named: "Locked In", hardMode: true, now: now, calendar: calendar),
+                upcomingRule(named: "Sleep", now: now, calendar: calendar),
+            ]
+        case .limits:
+            let timeKeeper = BlockingRule(
+                name: "Time Keeper", kind: .timeLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay,
+                dailyLimitMinutes: 45)
+            let gateKeeper = BlockingRule(
+                name: "Gate Keeper", kind: .openLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay, maxOpens: 5)
+            let doomScroll = BlockingRule(
+                name: "Doom Scroll", kind: .timeLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay,
+                dailyLimitMinutes: 30)
+            usage?.usageByRule[timeKeeper.id] = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 18)
+            usage?.usageByRule[gateKeeper.id] = RuleUsage(opensUsed: 2)
+            usage?.usageByRule[doomScroll.id] = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 30)
+            rules = [timeKeeper, gateKeeper, doomScroll]
+        }
+        // Relationships are wired only after both sides are managed
+        // (see BlockingRule.appList).
+        for rule in rules {
+            context.insert(rule)
+            rule.appList = distractions
         }
     }
 

OpenAppLock/Services/ScreenTimeAuthorization.swift

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ protocol AuthorizationProviding {
 struct FamilyControlsAuthorizationProvider: AuthorizationProviding {
     var currentStatus: ScreenTimeAuthorizationStatus {
         switch AuthorizationCenter.shared.authorizationStatus {
-        case .approved: .approved
+        case .approved, .approvedWithDataAccess: .approved
         case .denied: .denied
         case .notDetermined: .notDetermined
         @unknown default: .notDetermined

OpenAppLock/Views/AppLists/AppListEditorView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+//
+//  AppListEditorView.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import FamilyControls
+import SwiftData
+import SwiftUI
+
+/// Creates or edits an app list. A plain List (consistent with the rest of
+/// the app) holds the name field and the apps currently in the list; "Edit
+/// Apps" pushes Apple's Screen Time picker, whose Save applies the new
+/// selection back here. The navigation-bar checkmark persists the list.
+struct AppListEditorView: View {
+    /// Nil creates a new list; otherwise edits (and saves into) the given one.
+    let list: AppList?
+    var onComplete: (AppList) -> Void
+
+    @Environment(\.modelContext) private var modelContext
+
+    @State private var name: String
+    @State private var selection: FamilyActivitySelection
+    @State private var pickingApps = false
+
+    init(list: AppList?, onComplete: @escaping (AppList) -> Void) {
+        self.list = list
+        self.onComplete = onComplete
+        self._name = State(initialValue: list?.name ?? "")
+        self._selection = State(initialValue: AppSelectionCodec.decode(list?.selectionData))
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        List {
+            Section {
+                TextField("List Name", text: $name)
+                    .submitLabel(.done)
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("appListNameField")
+            } header: {
+                Text("Name").textCase(nil)
+            }
+
+            Section {
+                if AppSelectionCodec.count(of: selection) == 0 {
+                    Text("No apps yet. Edit Apps to choose what this list includes.")
+                        .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                        .accessibilityIdentifier("emptySelectionLabel")
+                } else {
+                    selectionRows
+                }
+                Button {
+                    pickingApps = true
+                } label: {
+                    Label("Edit Apps", systemImage: "checklist")
+                }
+                .accessibilityIdentifier("editAppsButton")
+            } header: {
+                HStack {
+                    Text("Apps").textCase(nil)
+                    Spacer()
+                    Text(countLabel).textCase(nil)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        .navigationTitle(list == nil ? "New List" : "Edit List")
+        .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+        .toolbar {
+            ToolbarItem(placement: .confirmationAction) {
+                Button(role: .confirm) {
+                    save()
+                } label: {
+                    Image(systemName: "checkmark")
+                }
+                .accessibilityLabel("Save List")
+                .accessibilityIdentifier("saveAppListButton")
+            }
+        }
+        .navigationDestination(isPresented: $pickingApps) {
+            AppPickerScreen(selection: $selection)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Rows for everything the selection contains. FamilyControls' Label
+    /// initializers resolve the opaque tokens to icon + name.
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private var selectionRows: some View {
+        ForEach(Array(selection.applicationTokens), id: \.self) { token in
+            Label(token)
+        }
+        ForEach(Array(selection.categoryTokens), id: \.self) { token in
+            Label(token)
+        }
+        ForEach(Array(selection.webDomainTokens), id: \.self) { token in
+            Label(token)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var countLabel: String {
+        let count = AppSelectionCodec.count(of: selection)
+        return count == 1 ? "1 App" : "\(count) Apps"
+    }
+
+    private func save() {
+        let trimmed = name.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces)
+        let resolvedName = trimmed.isEmpty ? "Untitled List" : trimmed
+        let data = AppSelectionCodec.encode(selection)
+        let count = AppSelectionCodec.count(of: selection)
+
+        if let list {
+            list.name = resolvedName
+            list.selectionData = data
+            list.selectionCount = count
+            onComplete(list)
+        } else {
+            let created = AppList(name: resolvedName, selectionData: data, selectionCount: count)
+            modelContext.insert(created)
+            onComplete(created)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Screen 2: Apple's Screen Time picker. Save applies the working selection
+/// back to the editor and pops; the back swipe discards it.
+private struct AppPickerScreen: View {
+    @Binding var selection: FamilyActivitySelection
+
+    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
+    @State private var working: FamilyActivitySelection
+
+    init(selection: Binding<FamilyActivitySelection>) {
+        self._selection = selection
+        self._working = State(initialValue: selection.wrappedValue)
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        FamilyActivityPicker(selection: $working)
+            .navigationTitle("Edit Apps")
+            .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+            .toolbar {
+                ToolbarItem(placement: .confirmationAction) {
+                    Button(role: .confirm) {
+                        saveSelection()
+                    } label: {
+                        Image(systemName: "checkmark")
+                    }
+                    .accessibilityLabel("Save Apps")
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("confirmSelectionButton")
+                }
+            }
+            .safeAreaInset(edge: .bottom) {
+                VStack(spacing: 8) {
+                    Text(selectionSummary)
+                        .font(.footnote)
+                        .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                        .accessibilityIdentifier("selectionCountLabel")
+                    Button {
+                        saveSelection()
+                    } label: {
+                        Text("Save")
+                            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                    }
+                    .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
+                    .controlSize(.large)
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("saveSelectionButton")
+                }
+                .padding(.horizontal)
+                .padding(.bottom, 8)
+            }
+    }
+
+    private var selectionSummary: String {
+        let count = AppSelectionCodec.count(of: working)
+        return count == 1 ? "1 App Selected" : "\(count) Apps Selected"
+    }
+
+    private func saveSelection() {
+        selection = working
+        dismiss()
+    }
+}

OpenAppLock/Views/AppLists/AppListPickerSheet.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+//
+//  AppListPickerSheet.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import SwiftData
+import SwiftUI
+
+/// Chooses the app list a rule uses: saved lists (tap to select), an Edit
+/// affordance per list, and a "New List" flow. Lists are persisted directly,
+/// independent of any rule, so creating one here never depends on the rule
+/// draft being committed.
+struct AppListPickerSheet: View {
+    @Binding var selected: AppList?
+
+    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
+    @Environment(\.modelContext) private var modelContext
+    @Environment(RuleEnforcer.self) private var enforcer
+    @Query(sort: \AppList.createdAt) private var lists: [AppList]
+    @Query private var rules: [BlockingRule]
+
+    @State private var editingList: AppList?
+    @State private var creatingList = false
+    @State private var deletionBlocked = false
+
+    /// While any hard-mode rule is actively blocking (by the clock or a spent
+    /// limit budget), lists are read-only — editing one would be a back door
+    /// out of the hard block.
+    private var listsLocked: Bool {
+        !RulePolicy.canEditAppLists(rules: rules, usageFor: { enforcer.usage(for: $0) })
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        NavigationStack {
+            List {
+                Section {
+                    if lists.isEmpty {
+                        Text("No app lists yet. Create one to choose which apps this rule affects.")
+                            .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                            .accessibilityIdentifier("emptyAppListsLabel")
+                    } else {
+                        ForEach(lists) { list in
+                            listRow(list)
+                        }
+                    }
+                } header: {
+                    Text("Your App Lists").textCase(nil)
+                } footer: {
+                    if listsLocked {
+                        Label(
+                            "Hard Mode is on — app lists are locked until the block ends.",
+                            systemImage: "lock.fill"
+                        )
+                        .accessibilityElement(children: .combine)
+                        .accessibilityIdentifier("appListsLockedNotice")
+                    }
+                }
+                Section {
+                    Button {
+                        creatingList = true
+                    } label: {
+                        Label("New List", systemImage: "plus")
+                    }
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("newAppListButton")
+                }
+            }
+            .navigationTitle("App List")
+            .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+            .toolbar {
+                ToolbarItem(placement: .cancellationAction) {
+                    Button("Close", systemImage: "xmark") {
+                        dismiss()
+                    }
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("closeAppListPickerButton")
+                }
+            }
+            .navigationDestination(isPresented: $creatingList) {
+                AppListEditorView(list: nil) { created in
+                    selected = created
+                    creatingList = false
+                }
+            }
+            .navigationDestination(item: $editingList) { list in
+                AppListEditorView(list: list) { _ in
+                    editingList = nil
+                }
+            }
+            .alert("This list is in use", isPresented: $deletionBlocked) {
+                Button("OK", role: .cancel) {}
+            } message: {
+                Text("Remove it from the rules that use it before deleting.")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func listRow(_ list: AppList) -> some View {
+        HStack {
+            Button {
+                selected = list
+                dismiss()
+            } label: {
+                HStack {
+                    Image(systemName: isSelected(list) ? "checkmark.circle.fill" : "circle")
+                        .foregroundStyle(
+                            isSelected(list) ? AnyShapeStyle(.tint) : AnyShapeStyle(Color.secondary)
+                        )
+                        .frame(width: 28)
+                    VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
+                        Text(list.name)
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.primary)
+                        Text(list.appCountLabel)
+                            .font(.caption)
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.secondary)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            .accessibilityIdentifier("appListRow-\(list.name)")
+            Spacer()
+            if !listsLocked {
+                Button("Edit") {
+                    editingList = list
+                }
+                .font(.subheadline)
+                .accessibilityIdentifier("editAppListButton-\(list.name)")
+            }
+        }
+        .buttonStyle(.borderless)
+        .swipeActions {
+            if !listsLocked {
+                Button("Delete", role: .destructive) {
+                    delete(list)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func isSelected(_ list: AppList) -> Bool {
+        selected?.id == list.id
+    }
+
+    private func delete(_ list: AppList) {
+        guard !AppList.isInUse(list, context: modelContext) else {
+            deletionBlocked = true
+            return
+        }
+        if isSelected(list) {
+            selected = nil
+        }
+        modelContext.delete(list)
+    }
+}
+
+extension AppList {
+    /// "4 Apps" / "1 App" label shared by the picker, editor, and detail rows.
+    var appCountLabel: String {
+        selectionCount == 1 ? "1 App" : "\(selectionCount) Apps"
+    }
+}

OpenAppLock/Views/Apps/AppsHomeView.swift

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ struct AppsHomeView: View {
         ) {
             Button("Unblock", role: .destructive) {
                 if let rule = unblockCandidate {
-                    RulePolicy.unblock(rule)
+                    RulePolicy.unblock(rule, usage: enforcer.usage(for: rule))
                     refreshEnforcement()
                 }
                 unblockCandidate = nil
@@ -74,15 +74,22 @@ struct AppsHomeView: View {
     private func ruleList(now: Date) -> some View {
         List {
             blockedSection(now: now)
+            usageSection(now: now)
             rulesSection(now: now)
         }
     }
 
+    /// Status with the day's usage folded in, so limit rules whose budget is
+    /// spent count as actively blocking.
+    private func liveStatus(for rule: BlockingRule, now: Date) -> RuleStatus {
+        rule.status(at: now, usage: enforcer.usage(for: rule, at: now))
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Blocked Apps
 
     @ViewBuilder
     private func blockedSection(now: Date) -> some View {
-        let blocking = rules.filter { $0.status(at: now).isActive }
+        let blocking = rules.filter { liveStatus(for: $0, now: now).isActive }
         Section {
             if blocking.isEmpty {
                 Text("Nothing is blocked right now.")
@@ -100,7 +107,7 @@ struct AppsHomeView: View {
 
     private func blockedRow(for rule: BlockingRule, now: Date) -> some View {
         Button {
-            if RulePolicy.canUnblock(rule, at: now) {
+            if RulePolicy.canUnblock(rule, usage: enforcer.usage(for: rule, at: now), at: now) {
                 unblockCandidate = rule
             } else {
                 hardModeBlockedAttempt = true
@@ -120,6 +127,53 @@ struct AppsHomeView: View {
         .accessibilityIdentifier("blockedTile-\(rule.name)")
     }
 
+    // MARK: - Usage
+
+    /// Live tracking for every limit rule scheduled today: how much of the
+    /// daily budget is spent and what remains.
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private func usageSection(now: Date) -> some View {
+        let tracked = rules.filter {
+            $0.kind != .schedule && $0.isEnabled && $0.isScheduledToday(at: now)
+        }
+        if !tracked.isEmpty {
+            Section {
+                ForEach(tracked) { rule in
+                    usageRow(for: rule, now: now)
+                }
+            } header: {
+                Text("Usage").textCase(nil)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func usageRow(for rule: BlockingRule, now: Date) -> some View {
+        let usage = enforcer.usage(for: rule, at: now) ?? RuleUsage()
+        let isPaused =
+            if case .paused = liveStatus(for: rule, now: now) { true } else { false }
+        return HStack {
+            Image(systemName: rule.kind.symbolName)
+                .foregroundStyle(.tint)
+                .frame(width: 28)
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
+                Text(rule.name)
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.primary)
+                Text(UsageDisplay.subtitle(for: rule, usage: usage))
+                    .font(.caption)
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.secondary)
+            }
+            Spacer()
+            Text(UsageDisplay.remainingLabel(for: rule, usage: usage, isPaused: isPaused))
+                .font(.subheadline)
+                .foregroundStyle(
+                    rule.limitReached(given: usage) && !isPaused
+                        ? AnyShapeStyle(Color.red) : AnyShapeStyle(Color.secondary)
+                )
+        }
+        .accessibilityElement(children: .combine)
+        .accessibilityIdentifier("usageRow-\(rule.name)")
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Rules
 
     @ViewBuilder
@@ -147,7 +201,7 @@ struct AppsHomeView: View {
     }
 
     private func ruleRow(for rule: BlockingRule, now: Date) -> some View {
-        let status = rule.status(at: now)
+        let status = liveStatus(for: rule, now: now)
         return Button {
             detailRule = rule
         } label: {
@@ -173,18 +227,21 @@ struct AppsHomeView: View {
     }
 
     private func blockSummary(for rule: BlockingRule) -> String {
-        let apps = rule.selectionCount == 1 ? "1 app" : "\(rule.selectionCount) apps"
+        "\(rule.selectionMode.displayName) · \(rule.appList?.name ?? "No apps")"
-        return "\(rule.selectionMode.displayName) · \(apps)"
     }
 
     private func statusText(for rule: BlockingRule, status: RuleStatus, now: Date) -> String {
         switch rule.kind {
         case .schedule:
-            status.label(relativeTo: now)
+            return status.label(relativeTo: now)
         case .timeLimit:
-            rule.isEnabled ? "\(rule.dailyLimitMinutes)m / day" : "Disabled"
+            // While blocking (or paused/disabled) show the live state; the
+            // budget is only informative while it is still being spent.
+            if case .upcoming = status { return "\(rule.dailyLimitMinutes)m / day" }
+            return status.label(relativeTo: now)
         case .openLimit:
-            rule.isEnabled ? "\(rule.maxOpens) opens / day" : "Disabled"
+            if case .upcoming = status { return "\(rule.maxOpens) opens / day" }
+            return status.label(relativeTo: now)
         }
     }
 
@@ -195,7 +252,9 @@ struct AppsHomeView: View {
         rules.map {
             "\($0.id)|\($0.isEnabled)|\($0.hardMode)|\($0.blockAdultContent)|"
                 + "\($0.startMinutes)|\($0.endMinutes)|\($0.dayNumbers)|"
-                + "\($0.selectionCount)|\($0.pausedUntil?.timeIntervalSince1970 ?? 0)"
+                + "\($0.selectionModeRaw)|\($0.appList?.id.uuidString ?? "-")|"
+                + "\($0.appList?.selectionCount ?? 0)|"
+                + "\($0.pausedUntil?.timeIntervalSince1970 ?? 0)"
         }
         .joined(separator: ",")
     }

OpenAppLock/Views/Rules/AppSelectionSheet.swift

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  AppSelectionSheet.swift
-//  OpenAppLock
-//
-
-import FamilyControls
-import SwiftUI
-
-/// App/category/website selection wrapping Apple's `FamilyActivityPicker`,
-/// presented as a plain sheet with a segmented Block / Allow Only control.
-struct AppSelectionSheet: View {
-    @Binding var draft: RuleDraft
-    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
-
-    @State private var selection: FamilyActivitySelection
-    @State private var mode: SelectionMode
-
-    init(draft: Binding<RuleDraft>) {
-        self._draft = draft
-        self._selection = State(
-            initialValue: AppSelectionCodec.decode(draft.wrappedValue.selectionData)
-        )
-        self._mode = State(initialValue: draft.wrappedValue.selectionMode)
-    }
-
-    var body: some View {
-        NavigationStack {
-            VStack(spacing: 0) {
-                Picker("Mode", selection: $mode) {
-                    ForEach(SelectionMode.allCases, id: \.self) { mode in
-                        Text(mode.displayName).tag(mode)
-                    }
-                }
-                .pickerStyle(.segmented)
-                .padding(.horizontal)
-                .padding(.vertical, 8)
-                .accessibilityIdentifier("selectionModePicker")
-
-                FamilyActivityPicker(selection: $selection)
-            }
-            .navigationTitle("Selected")
-            .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
-            .toolbar {
-                ToolbarItem(placement: .cancellationAction) {
-                    Button("Cancel") {
-                        dismiss()
-                    }
-                    .accessibilityIdentifier("selectionBackButton")
-                }
-                ToolbarItem(placement: .confirmationAction) {
-                    Button("Done") {
-                        save()
-                    }
-                    .accessibilityIdentifier("confirmSelectionButton")
-                }
-            }
-            .safeAreaInset(edge: .bottom) {
-                VStack(spacing: 8) {
-                    Text(selectionSummary)
-                        .font(.footnote)
-                        .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
-                        .accessibilityIdentifier("selectionCountLabel")
-                    Button {
-                        save()
-                    } label: {
-                        Text("Save")
-                            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
-                    }
-                    .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
-                    .controlSize(.large)
-                    .accessibilityIdentifier("saveSelectionButton")
-                }
-                .padding(.horizontal)
-                .padding(.bottom, 8)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private var selectionSummary: String {
-        let count = AppSelectionCodec.count(of: selection)
-        return count == 1 ? "1 App Selected" : "\(count) Apps Selected"
-    }
-
-    private func save() {
-        draft.selectionData = AppSelectionCodec.encode(selection)
-        draft.selectionCount = AppSelectionCodec.count(of: selection)
-        draft.selectionMode = mode
-        dismiss()
-    }
-}

OpenAppLock/Views/Rules/NewRuleSheet.swift

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct NewRuleSheet: View {
                     mode: .create,
                     draft: draft,
                     onCommit: { committed in
-                        modelContext.insert(committed.makeRule())
+                        committed.insertRule(into: modelContext)
                         dismiss()
                     }
                 )
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ struct NewRuleSheet: View {
                 Spacer()
                 Image(systemName: "chevron.right")
                     .font(.caption.weight(.semibold))
-                    .foregroundStyle(.tertiary)
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color(.tertiaryLabel))
             }
         }
         .accessibilityIdentifier("ruleKind-\(kind.rawValue)")

OpenAppLock/Views/Rules/RuleDetailSheet.swift

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ struct RuleDetailSheet: View {
 
     @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
     @Environment(\.modelContext) private var modelContext
+    @Environment(RuleEnforcer.self) private var enforcer
     @State private var isEditing = false
     @State private var pendingDeletion = false
 
@@ -50,13 +51,14 @@ struct RuleDetailSheet: View {
     }
 
     private func detailList(now: Date) -> some View {
-        let status = rule.status(at: now)
+        let usage = enforcer.usage(for: rule, at: now)
+        let status = rule.status(at: now, usage: usage)
         return List {
             Section {
                 detailRows
             }
             Section {
-                if RulePolicy.canEdit(rule, at: now) {
+                if RulePolicy.canEdit(rule, usage: usage, at: now) {
                     Button {
                         isEditing = true
                     } label: {
@@ -123,7 +125,8 @@ struct RuleDetailSheet: View {
     }
 
     private var appCountLabel: String {
-        rule.selectionCount == 1 ? "1 App" : "\(rule.selectionCount) Apps"
+        guard let list = rule.appList else { return "No apps" }
+        return "\(list.name) · \(list.appCountLabel)"
     }
 
     private func row(_ label: String, _ value: String) -> some View {

OpenAppLock/Views/Rules/RuleEditorView.swift

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ struct RuleEditorView: View {
             }
         }
         .sheet(isPresented: $showingAppPicker) {
-            AppSelectionSheet(draft: $draft)
+            AppListPickerSheet(selected: $draft.appList)
         }
     }
 
@@ -112,14 +112,22 @@ struct RuleEditorView: View {
             }
             daysSection
             Section {
-                selectedAppsRow
+                Picker("Mode", selection: $draft.selectionMode) {
+                    ForEach(SelectionMode.allCases, id: \.self) { mode in
+                        Text(mode.displayName).tag(mode)
+                    }
+                }
+                .pickerStyle(.segmented)
+                .accessibilityIdentifier("selectionModePicker")
+                appListRow
             } header: {
-                Text("Apps are blocked").textCase(nil)
+                Text(draft.selectionMode == .block ? "Apps are blocked" : "Only these apps are allowed")
+                    .textCase(nil)
             }
             toggleSections
         case .timeLimit:
             Section {
-                selectedAppsRow
+                appListRow
             } header: {
                 Text("When I use").textCase(nil)
             }
@@ -138,7 +146,7 @@ struct RuleEditorView: View {
             toggleSections
         case .openLimit:
             Section {
-                selectedAppsRow
+                appListRow
             } header: {
                 Text("When I open").textCase(nil)
             }
@@ -204,24 +212,29 @@ struct RuleEditorView: View {
         }
     }
 
-    private var selectedAppsRow: some View {
+    private var appListRow: some View {
         Button {
             showingAppPicker = true
         } label: {
             HStack {
-                Text("Selected Apps")
+                Text("App List")
                     .foregroundStyle(Color.primary)
                 Spacer()
-                Text(draft.selectionCount == 1 ? "1 App" : "\(draft.selectionCount) Apps")
+                Text(appListLabel)
                     .foregroundStyle(Color.secondary)
                 Image(systemName: "chevron.right")
                     .font(.caption.weight(.semibold))
-                    .foregroundStyle(.tertiary)
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color(.tertiaryLabel))
             }
         }
         .accessibilityIdentifier("selectedAppsRow")
     }
 
+    private var appListLabel: String {
+        guard let list = draft.appList else { return "Choose" }
+        return "\(list.name) · \(list.appCountLabel)"
+    }
+
     private func budgetRow(
         value: String,
         stepperID: String,

OpenAppLockMonitor/DeviceActivityMonitorExtension.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//
+//  DeviceActivityMonitorExtension.swift
+//  OpenAppLockMonitor
+//
+
+import DeviceActivity
+import Foundation
+
+/// Background half of limit-rule enforcement. The app schedules a daily
+/// activity per limit rule (with per-minute usage checkpoints for time
+/// limits); this extension reacts: it resets shields at midnight, records
+/// usage minutes, blocks at the budget, and ends granted open sessions.
+final class DeviceActivityMonitorExtension: DeviceActivityMonitor {
+    private var enforcement: LimitEnforcement {
+        LimitEnforcement(
+            snapshots: RuleSnapshotStore(),
+            ledger: UsageLedger(),
+            shields: ManagedSettingsShieldController()
+        )
+    }
+
+    override func intervalDidStart(for activity: DeviceActivityName) {
+        super.intervalDidStart(for: activity)
+        if let ruleID = MonitoringPlan.ruleID(fromDailyActivityName: activity.rawValue) {
+            enforcement.handleDayStart(ruleID: ruleID)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override func intervalDidEnd(for activity: DeviceActivityName) {
+        super.intervalDidEnd(for: activity)
+        if let ruleID = MonitoringPlan.ruleID(fromSessionActivityName: activity.rawValue) {
+            enforcement.handleOpenSessionEnded(ruleID: ruleID)
+            DeviceActivityCenter().stopMonitoring([activity])
+        }
+    }
+
+    override func eventDidReachThreshold(
+        _ event: DeviceActivityEvent.Name, activity: DeviceActivityName
+    ) {
+        super.eventDidReachThreshold(event, activity: activity)
+        guard let ruleID = MonitoringPlan.ruleID(fromDailyActivityName: activity.rawValue),
+              let minutes = MonitoringPlan.minutes(fromEventName: event.rawValue)
+        else { return }
+        enforcement.handleUsageMinutes(minutes, ruleID: ruleID)
+    }
+}

OpenAppLockMonitor/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>NSExtension</key>
+	<dict>
+		<key>NSExtensionPointIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.deviceactivity.monitor-extension</string>
+		<key>NSExtensionPrincipalClass</key>
+		<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).DeviceActivityMonitorExtension</string>
+	</dict>
+</dict>
+</plist>

OpenAppLockMonitor/OpenAppLockMonitor.entitlements

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.developer.family-controls</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>group.dev.bchen.OpenAppLock</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>

OpenAppLockShieldAction/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>NSExtension</key>
+	<dict>
+		<key>NSExtensionPointIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.ManagedSettings.shield-action-service</string>
+		<key>NSExtensionPrincipalClass</key>
+		<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).ShieldActionExtension</string>
+	</dict>
+</dict>
+</plist>

OpenAppLockShieldAction/OpenAppLockShieldAction.entitlements

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.developer.family-controls</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>group.dev.bchen.OpenAppLock</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>

OpenAppLockShieldAction/ShieldActionExtension.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//
+//  ShieldActionExtension.swift
+//  OpenAppLockShieldAction
+//
+
+import DeviceActivity
+import Foundation
+import ManagedSettings
+
+/// Handles shield button presses. The secondary "Open" button on an
+/// open-limit shield spends one open, lifts the rule's shield, and starts a
+/// one-shot DeviceActivity session after which the monitor extension
+/// re-shields.
+final class ShieldActionExtension: ShieldActionDelegate {
+    override func handle(
+        action: ShieldAction, for application: ApplicationToken,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (ShieldActionResponse) -> Void
+    ) {
+        switch action {
+        case .primaryButtonPressed:
+            completionHandler(.close)
+        case .secondaryButtonPressed:
+            completionHandler(handleOpenPress(applicationToken: application))
+        case .firstSecondarySubmenuItemPressed, .secondSecondarySubmenuItemPressed,
+            .thirdSecondarySubmenuItemPressed:
+            // Our shields define no submenu items.
+            completionHandler(.close)
+        @unknown default:
+            completionHandler(.close)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override func handle(
+        action: ShieldAction, for webDomain: WebDomainToken,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (ShieldActionResponse) -> Void
+    ) {
+        completionHandler(.close)
+    }
+
+    override func handle(
+        action: ShieldAction, for category: ActivityCategoryToken,
+        completionHandler: @escaping (ShieldActionResponse) -> Void
+    ) {
+        switch action {
+        case .secondaryButtonPressed:
+            if let snapshot = ShieldLookup.openLimitSnapshot(
+                containingCategory: category, in: RuleSnapshotStore().load()) {
+                completionHandler(grantOpen(ruleID: snapshot.id))
+            } else {
+                completionHandler(.close)
+            }
+        default:
+            completionHandler(.close)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func handleOpenPress(applicationToken: ApplicationToken) -> ShieldActionResponse {
+        guard
+            let snapshot = ShieldLookup.openLimitSnapshot(
+                containingApplication: applicationToken, in: RuleSnapshotStore().load())
+        else { return .close }
+        return grantOpen(ruleID: snapshot.id)
+    }
+
+    private func grantOpen(ruleID: UUID) -> ShieldActionResponse {
+        let enforcement = LimitEnforcement(
+            snapshots: RuleSnapshotStore(),
+            ledger: UsageLedger(),
+            shields: ManagedSettingsShieldController()
+        )
+        guard enforcement.handleOpenRequest(ruleID: ruleID) else {
+            // Out of opens; keep the shield up (it re-renders with the
+            // exhausted message on next presentation).
+            return .defer
+        }
+        startOpenSession(ruleID: ruleID)
+        return .none
+    }
+
+    /// Times the granted open with a one-shot activity. One extra minute over
+    /// the advertised session keeps the interval above DeviceActivity's
+    /// 15-minute minimum.
+    private func startOpenSession(ruleID: UUID) {
+        let calendar = Calendar.current
+        let now = Date.now
+        guard
+            let end = calendar.date(
+                byAdding: .minute, value: MonitoringPlan.openSessionMinutes + 1, to: now)
+        else { return }
+        let components: Set<Calendar.Component> = [.year, .month, .day, .hour, .minute, .second]
+        let schedule = DeviceActivitySchedule(
+            intervalStart: calendar.dateComponents(components, from: now),
+            intervalEnd: calendar.dateComponents(components, from: end),
+            repeats: false
+        )
+        try? DeviceActivityCenter().startMonitoring(
+            DeviceActivityName(MonitoringPlan.sessionActivityName(for: ruleID)),
+            during: schedule
+        )
+    }
+}

OpenAppLockShieldConfig/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>NSExtension</key>
+	<dict>
+		<key>NSExtensionPointIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.ManagedSettingsUI.shield-configuration-service</string>
+		<key>NSExtensionPrincipalClass</key>
+		<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).ShieldConfigurationExtension</string>
+	</dict>
+</dict>
+</plist>

OpenAppLockShieldConfig/OpenAppLockShieldConfig.entitlements

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.developer.family-controls</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>group.dev.bchen.OpenAppLock</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>

OpenAppLockShieldConfig/ShieldConfigurationExtension.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+//
+//  ShieldConfigurationExtension.swift
+//  OpenAppLockShieldConfig
+//
+
+import ManagedSettings
+import ManagedSettingsUI
+import UIKit
+
+/// Customizes the system shield. Apps under an open-limit rule show how many
+/// opens were used and offer an "Open" secondary button while opens remain;
+/// everything else gets a plain blocked shield named after its rule.
+final class ShieldConfigurationExtension: ShieldConfigurationDataSource {
+    override func configuration(shielding application: Application) -> ShieldConfiguration {
+        guard let token = application.token else { return blockedConfiguration(ruleName: nil) }
+        return configuration(forApplicationToken: token)
+    }
+
+    override func configuration(
+        shielding application: Application, in category: ActivityCategory
+    ) -> ShieldConfiguration {
+        guard let token = application.token else { return blockedConfiguration(ruleName: nil) }
+        return configuration(forApplicationToken: token)
+    }
+
+    override func configuration(shielding webDomain: WebDomain) -> ShieldConfiguration {
+        blockedConfiguration(ruleName: nil)
+    }
+
+    override func configuration(
+        shielding webDomain: WebDomain, in category: ActivityCategory
+    ) -> ShieldConfiguration {
+        blockedConfiguration(ruleName: nil)
+    }
+
+    private func configuration(
+        forApplicationToken token: ApplicationToken
+    ) -> ShieldConfiguration {
+        let snapshots = RuleSnapshotStore().load()
+        guard
+            let snapshot = ShieldLookup.openLimitSnapshot(
+                containingApplication: token, in: snapshots)
+        else {
+            let name = ShieldLookup.snapshot(containingApplication: token, in: snapshots)?.name
+            return blockedConfiguration(ruleName: name)
+        }
+
+        let usage = UsageLedger().usage(for: snapshot.id, onDayContaining: .now)
+        let remaining = max(0, snapshot.maxOpens - usage.opensUsed)
+        guard remaining > 0 else {
+            return ShieldConfiguration(
+                backgroundBlurStyle: .systemMaterial,
+                title: .init(text: snapshot.name, color: .label),
+                subtitle: .init(
+                    text: "No opens left today — the block lifts tomorrow.",
+                    color: .secondaryLabel),
+                primaryButtonLabel: .init(text: "OK", color: .white),
+                primaryButtonBackgroundColor: .systemBlue
+            )
+        }
+        return ShieldConfiguration(
+            backgroundBlurStyle: .systemMaterial,
+            title: .init(text: snapshot.name, color: .label),
+            subtitle: .init(
+                text: "Opened \(usage.opensUsed) of \(snapshot.maxOpens) times today. "
+                    + "Each open lasts \(MonitoringPlan.openSessionMinutes) minutes.",
+                color: .secondaryLabel),
+            primaryButtonLabel: .init(text: "OK", color: .white),
+            primaryButtonBackgroundColor: .systemBlue,
+            secondaryButtonLabel: .init(
+                text: remaining == 1 ? "Open (1 left)" : "Open (\(remaining) left)",
+                color: .systemBlue)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func blockedConfiguration(ruleName: String?) -> ShieldConfiguration {
+        ShieldConfiguration(
+            backgroundBlurStyle: .systemMaterial,
+            title: .init(text: ruleName ?? "Blocked", color: .label),
+            subtitle: .init(text: "This app is blocked by OpenAppLock.", color: .secondaryLabel),
+            primaryButtonLabel: .init(text: "OK", color: .white),
+            primaryButtonBackgroundColor: .systemBlue
+        )
+    }
+}

OpenAppLockTests/AppListTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+//
+//  AppListTests.swift
+//  OpenAppLockTests
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import SwiftData
+import Testing
+
+@testable import OpenAppLock
+
+// Note: every test wires `rule.appList` only after both models are inserted —
+// SwiftData relationships must not be written on unmanaged instances
+// (see BlockingRule.appList).
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("AppList model & relationship")
+struct AppListModelTests {
+    @Test("App lists persist and fetch through SwiftData")
+    func persistence() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let list = AppList(name: "Distractions", selectionData: Data([1, 2]), selectionCount: 2)
+        context.insert(list)
+        try context.save()
+
+        let fetched = try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<AppList>())
+        #expect(fetched.count == 1)
+        let saved = try #require(fetched.first)
+        #expect(saved.name == "Distractions")
+        #expect(saved.selectionCount == 2)
+        #expect(saved.selectionData == Data([1, 2]))
+    }
+
+    @Test("Deleting a list detaches it from its rules")
+    func deletingListDetachesRules() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let list = AppList(name: "Distractions")
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        context.insert(list)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        rule.appList = list
+        try context.save()
+
+        context.delete(list)
+        try context.save()
+
+        let rules = try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<BlockingRule>())
+        #expect(rules.count == 1)
+        #expect(rules.first?.appList == nil)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Deleting a rule keeps its list")
+    func deletingRuleKeepsList() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let list = AppList(name: "Distractions")
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        context.insert(list)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        rule.appList = list
+        try context.save()
+
+        context.delete(rule)
+        try context.save()
+
+        let lists = try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<AppList>())
+        #expect(lists.count == 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Lists report whether any rule uses them")
+    func usageQuery() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let used = AppList(name: "Used")
+        let unused = AppList(name: "Unused")
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        context.insert(used)
+        context.insert(unused)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        rule.appList = used
+        try context.save()
+
+        #expect(AppList.isInUse(used, context: context))
+        #expect(!AppList.isInUse(unused, context: context))
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Legacy selection → AppList migration")
+struct AppListMigrationTests {
+    @Test("Rules with legacy inline selections get a list named after them")
+    func createsListsFromLegacySelections() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time", selectionData: Data([1]), selectionCount: 3)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        try context.save()
+
+        AppListMigration.run(in: context)
+
+        let lists = try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<AppList>())
+        #expect(lists.count == 1)
+        let list = try #require(rule.appList)
+        #expect(list.name == "Work Time Apps")
+        #expect(list.selectionData == Data([1]))
+        #expect(list.selectionCount == 3)
+        // The legacy inline copy is cleared so migration never re-runs.
+        #expect(rule.selectionData == nil)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Rules with identical selections share one list")
+    func sharesListForIdenticalSelections() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let first = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time", selectionData: Data([7]), selectionCount: 2)
+        let second = BlockingRule(name: "Sleep", selectionData: Data([7]), selectionCount: 2)
+        let different = BlockingRule(name: "Gym", selectionData: Data([9]), selectionCount: 1)
+        context.insert(first)
+        context.insert(second)
+        context.insert(different)
+        try context.save()
+
+        AppListMigration.run(in: context)
+
+        let lists = try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<AppList>())
+        #expect(lists.count == 2)
+        #expect(first.appList === second.appList)
+        #expect(first.appList !== different.appList)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Migration is idempotent and skips selection-less rules")
+    func idempotentAndSkipsEmpty() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let legacy = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time", selectionData: Data([1]), selectionCount: 1)
+        let empty = BlockingRule(name: "No Apps")
+        context.insert(legacy)
+        context.insert(empty)
+        try context.save()
+
+        AppListMigration.run(in: context)
+        AppListMigration.run(in: context)
+
+        let lists = try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<AppList>())
+        #expect(lists.count == 1)
+        #expect(empty.appList == nil)
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Rule drafts with app lists")
+struct AppListDraftTests {
+    @Test("Drafts carry the rule's app list and apply it back")
+    func draftCarriesAppList() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let list = AppList(name: "Distractions", selectionCount: 4)
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        context.insert(list)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        rule.appList = list
+
+        var draft = RuleDraft(rule: rule)
+        #expect(draft.appList === list)
+
+        draft.name = "Other"
+        let other = draft.insertRule(into: context)
+        #expect(other.appList === list)
+        #expect(other.name == "Other")
+    }
+
+    @Test("Sanitizing forces Block mode for time- and open-limit rules")
+    func sanitizedForcesBlockForLimitKinds() {
+        var timeDraft = RuleDraft(kind: .timeLimit)
+        timeDraft.selectionMode = .allowOnly
+        #expect(timeDraft.sanitized().selectionMode == .block)
+
+        var openDraft = RuleDraft(kind: .openLimit)
+        openDraft.selectionMode = .allowOnly
+        #expect(openDraft.sanitized().selectionMode == .block)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Sanitizing keeps Allow Only on schedule rules")
+    func sanitizedKeepsAllowOnlyForSchedule() {
+        var draft = RuleDraft(kind: .schedule)
+        draft.selectionMode = .allowOnly
+        #expect(draft.sanitized().selectionMode == .allowOnly)
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("App-list editing under Hard Mode")
+struct AppListEditingPolicyTests {
+    let mondayDuringWork = date(2025, 1, 6, 10, 0)
+    let mondayEvening = date(2025, 1, 6, 19, 0)
+
+    @Test("App lists are locked while any hard-mode rule is actively blocking")
+    func lockedDuringHardModeSession() {
+        let hard = BlockingRule(name: "Locked In", hardMode: true)
+        let soft = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        #expect(
+            !RulePolicy.canEditAppLists(rules: [hard, soft], at: mondayDuringWork, calendar: utc))
+    }
+
+    @Test("App lists stay editable when no hard-mode rule is blocking")
+    func editableWithoutHardSession() {
+        let softActive = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        let hardInactive = BlockingRule(name: "Locked In", hardMode: true)
+        #expect(
+            RulePolicy.canEditAppLists(
+                rules: [softActive, hardInactive], at: mondayEvening, calendar: utc))
+        #expect(RulePolicy.canEditAppLists(rules: [], at: mondayDuringWork, calendar: utc))
+    }
+
+    @Test("A disabled hard-mode rule does not lock app lists")
+    func disabledHardRuleDoesNotLock() {
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Locked In", isEnabled: false, hardMode: true)
+        #expect(RulePolicy.canEditAppLists(rules: [rule], at: mondayDuringWork, calendar: utc))
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Enforcement reads selections through app lists")
+struct AppListEnforcementTests {
+    let mondayDuringWork = date(2025, 1, 6, 10, 0)
+
+    @Test("The rule's app-list selection reaches the shield layer")
+    func forwardsAppListSelection() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let shields = MockShieldController()
+        let enforcer = RuleEnforcer(shields: shields)
+        let list = AppList(name: "Distractions", selectionData: Data([1, 2, 3]))
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        context.insert(list)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        rule.appList = list
+
+        enforcer.refresh(rules: [rule], at: mondayDuringWork, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(shields.appliedSelectionData[rule.id] == Data([1, 2, 3]))
+    }
+}

OpenAppLockTests/RuleModelTests.swift

@@ -47,11 +47,7 @@ struct RuleModelTests {
 
     @Test("Rules persist and fetch through SwiftData")
     func persistence() throws {
-        let container = try ModelContainer(
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
-            for: BlockingRule.self,
-            configurations: ModelConfiguration(isStoredInMemoryOnly: true)
-        )
-        let context = container.mainContext
         let rule = BlockingRule(
             name: "Deep Sleep", hardMode: true,
             days: Weekday.everyDay, startMinutes: 22 * 60, endMinutes: 6 * 60
@@ -83,7 +79,11 @@ struct RuleDraftTests {
     }
 
     @Test("Draft → rule → draft round-trips every field")
-    func roundTrip() {
+    func roundTrip() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let list = AppList(name: "Distractions", selectionCount: 3)
+        context.insert(list)
+
         var draft = RuleDraft(kind: .schedule)
         draft.name = "Locked In"
         draft.days = Weekday.everyDay
@@ -92,16 +92,18 @@ struct RuleDraftTests {
         draft.hardMode = true
         draft.blockAdultContent = true
         draft.selectionMode = .allowOnly
-        draft.selectionCount = 3
+        draft.appList = list
 
-        let rule = draft.makeRule()
+        let rule = draft.insertRule(into: context)
         #expect(rule.blockAdultContent)
         #expect(RuleDraft(rule: rule) == draft)
     }
 
     @Test("Applying a draft updates an existing rule")
-    func applyToExisting() {
+    func applyToExisting() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
         let rule = BlockingRule(name: "Old Name")
+        context.insert(rule)
         var draft = RuleDraft(rule: rule)
         draft.name = "New Name"
         draft.hardMode = true

OpenAppLockTests/SchedulingTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+//
+//  SchedulingTests.swift
+//  OpenAppLockTests
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import SwiftData
+import Testing
+
+@testable import OpenAppLock
+
+private func freshDefaults() -> UserDefaults {
+    let name = "scheduling-tests-\(UUID().uuidString)"
+    let defaults = UserDefaults(suiteName: name)!
+    defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: name)
+    return defaults
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Rule snapshots")
+struct RuleSnapshotTests {
+    @Test("Snapshots round-trip through the shared store")
+    func storeRoundTrip() throws {
+        let store = RuleSnapshotStore(defaults: freshDefaults())
+        let snapshot = RuleSnapshot(
+            id: UUID(), name: "Time Keeper", kindRaw: "timeLimit", isEnabled: true,
+            hardMode: false, blockAdultContent: false, selectionModeRaw: "block",
+            selectionData: Data([1]), dayNumbers: [2, 3], dailyLimitMinutes: 45, maxOpens: 5,
+            pausedUntil: nil
+        )
+        store.save([snapshot])
+        #expect(store.load() == [snapshot])
+        #expect(store.snapshot(for: snapshot.id) == snapshot)
+        #expect(store.snapshot(for: UUID()) == nil)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Snapshots mirror rules and their app lists")
+    func mirrorsRule() throws {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let list = AppList(name: "Distractions", selectionData: Data([9]), selectionCount: 1)
+        let rule = BlockingRule(
+            name: "Gate Keeper", kind: .openLimit, days: Weekday.weekends, maxOpens: 3)
+        context.insert(list)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        rule.appList = list
+
+        let snapshot = RuleSnapshot(rule: rule)
+        #expect(snapshot.id == rule.id)
+        #expect(snapshot.kind == .openLimit)
+        #expect(snapshot.selectionData == Data([9]))
+        #expect(snapshot.days == Weekday.weekends)
+        #expect(snapshot.maxOpens == 3)
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Monitoring plan")
+struct MonitoringPlanTests {
+    @Test("Activity names round-trip rule IDs")
+    func nameRoundTrip() {
+        let id = UUID()
+        #expect(
+            MonitoringPlan.ruleID(
+                fromDailyActivityName: MonitoringPlan.dailyActivityName(for: id)) == id)
+        #expect(
+            MonitoringPlan.ruleID(
+                fromSessionActivityName: MonitoringPlan.sessionActivityName(for: id)) == id)
+        #expect(MonitoringPlan.ruleID(fromDailyActivityName: "garbage") == nil)
+        #expect(
+            MonitoringPlan.ruleID(
+                fromSessionActivityName: MonitoringPlan.dailyActivityName(for: id)) == nil)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Minute checkpoints cover every minute up to the budget")
+    func minuteEvents() {
+        let events = MonitoringPlan.minuteEvents(forLimit: 45)
+        #expect(events.count == 45)
+        #expect(events[MonitoringPlan.minuteEventName(for: 1)] == 1)
+        #expect(events[MonitoringPlan.minuteEventName(for: 45)] == 45)
+        #expect(MonitoringPlan.minutes(fromEventName: MonitoringPlan.minuteEventName(for: 17)) == 17)
+        #expect(MonitoringPlan.minutes(fromEventName: "nope") == nil)
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Rule scheduler → DeviceActivity")
+struct RuleSchedulerTests {
+    private func makeScheduler() -> (RuleScheduler, MockActivityMonitor, RuleSnapshotStore) {
+        let monitor = MockActivityMonitor()
+        let store = RuleSnapshotStore(defaults: freshDefaults())
+        return (RuleScheduler(monitor: monitor, snapshots: store), monitor, store)
+    }
+
+    private func limitRule(kind: RuleKind, name: String) throws -> BlockingRule {
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let list = AppList(name: "Apps", selectionData: Data([1]), selectionCount: 1)
+        let rule = BlockingRule(name: name, kind: kind, days: Weekday.everyDay)
+        context.insert(list)
+        context.insert(rule)
+        rule.appList = list
+        return rule
+    }
+
+    @Test("Enabled limit rules with apps start daily monitoring")
+    func startsMonitoring() throws {
+        let (scheduler, monitor, store) = makeScheduler()
+        let rule = try limitRule(kind: .timeLimit, name: "Time Keeper")
+
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+
+        let name = MonitoringPlan.dailyActivityName(for: rule.id)
+        #expect(monitor.monitoredNames == [name])
+        #expect(monitor.startedEvents[name]?.count == rule.dailyLimitMinutes)
+        #expect(store.snapshot(for: rule.id) != nil)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Open-limit rules monitor the day without usage checkpoints")
+    func openLimitHasNoCheckpoints() throws {
+        let (scheduler, monitor, _) = makeScheduler()
+        let rule = try limitRule(kind: .openLimit, name: "Gate Keeper")
+
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+
+        #expect(monitor.startedEvents[MonitoringPlan.dailyActivityName(for: rule.id)]?.isEmpty == true)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Schedule rules and app-less limit rules are not monitored")
+    func skipsUnmonitorable() throws {
+        let (scheduler, monitor, _) = makeScheduler()
+        let context = try makeInMemoryContext()
+        let scheduleRule = BlockingRule(name: "Work Time")
+        let appless = BlockingRule(name: "Empty", kind: .timeLimit)
+        context.insert(scheduleRule)
+        context.insert(appless)
+
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [scheduleRule, appless])
+
+        #expect(monitor.monitoredNames.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Monitoring stops when a rule is disabled or removed")
+    func stopsStaleMonitoring() throws {
+        let (scheduler, monitor, _) = makeScheduler()
+        let rule = try limitRule(kind: .timeLimit, name: "Time Keeper")
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+
+        rule.isEnabled = false
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+        #expect(monitor.monitoredNames.isEmpty)
+
+        rule.isEnabled = true
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [])
+        #expect(monitor.monitoredNames.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Unchanged rules are not restarted (checkpoints would reset)")
+    func avoidsRestartChurn() throws {
+        let (scheduler, monitor, _) = makeScheduler()
+        let rule = try limitRule(kind: .timeLimit, name: "Time Keeper")
+
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+        #expect(monitor.startCallCount == 1)
+
+        rule.dailyLimitMinutes = 60
+        scheduler.sync(rules: [rule])
+        #expect(monitor.startCallCount == 2)
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Limit enforcement reactions")
+struct LimitEnforcementTests {
+    let monday = date(2025, 1, 6, 10, 0)
+
+    private func makeEnforcement() -> (LimitEnforcement, MockShieldController, UsageLedger, RuleSnapshotStore) {
+        let shields = MockShieldController()
+        let ledger = UsageLedger(defaults: freshDefaults())
+        let store = RuleSnapshotStore(defaults: freshDefaults())
+        return (LimitEnforcement(snapshots: store, ledger: ledger, shields: shields), shields, ledger, store)
+    }
+
+    private func snapshot(
+        kind: RuleKind, limit: Int = 45, maxOpens: Int = 5, pausedUntil: Date? = nil
+    ) -> RuleSnapshot {
+        RuleSnapshot(
+            id: UUID(), name: "Rule", kindRaw: kind.rawValue, isEnabled: true,
+            hardMode: false, blockAdultContent: false, selectionModeRaw: "block",
+            selectionData: Data([1]), dayNumbers: Weekday.everyDay.map(\.rawValue),
+            dailyLimitMinutes: limit, maxOpens: maxOpens, pausedUntil: pausedUntil
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test("Day start shields open-limit rules so opens can be counted")
+    func dayStartShieldsOpenLimit() {
+        let (enforcement, shields, _, store) = makeEnforcement()
+        let snap = snapshot(kind: .openLimit)
+        store.save([snap])
+
+        enforcement.handleDayStart(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs == [snap.id])
+    }
+
+    @Test("Day start clears time-limit shields for the fresh budget")
+    func dayStartClearsTimeLimit() {
+        let (enforcement, shields, _, store) = makeEnforcement()
+        let snap = snapshot(kind: .timeLimit)
+        store.save([snap])
+        shields.applyShield(
+            ruleID: snap.id, selectionData: nil, mode: .block, blockAdultContent: false)
+
+        enforcement.handleDayStart(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Usage checkpoints record minutes and shield at the limit")
+    func usageCheckpointsShieldAtLimit() {
+        let (enforcement, shields, ledger, store) = makeEnforcement()
+        let snap = snapshot(kind: .timeLimit, limit: 45)
+        store.save([snap])
+
+        enforcement.handleUsageMinutes(20, ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: snap.id, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc).minutesUsed == 20)
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs.isEmpty)
+
+        enforcement.handleUsageMinutes(45, ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs == [snap.id])
+    }
+
+    @Test("An Open press spends one open and lifts the shield")
+    func openRequestSpendsAndLifts() {
+        let (enforcement, shields, ledger, store) = makeEnforcement()
+        let snap = snapshot(kind: .openLimit, maxOpens: 2)
+        store.save([snap])
+        enforcement.handleDayStart(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(enforcement.handleOpenRequest(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc))
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: snap.id, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc).opensUsed == 1)
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Open presses are refused once opens are exhausted")
+    func openRequestRefusedWhenExhausted() {
+        let (enforcement, shields, ledger, store) = makeEnforcement()
+        let snap = snapshot(kind: .openLimit, maxOpens: 1)
+        store.save([snap])
+        ledger.recordOpen(for: snap.id, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        enforcement.handleDayStart(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(!enforcement.handleOpenRequest(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc))
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs == [snap.id])
+    }
+
+    @Test("Session end re-shields the rule for the next open")
+    func sessionEndReshields() {
+        let (enforcement, shields, _, store) = makeEnforcement()
+        let snap = snapshot(kind: .openLimit)
+        store.save([snap])
+
+        enforcement.handleOpenSessionEnded(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs == [snap.id])
+    }
+
+    @Test("A paused (unblocked) rule is left alone until midnight")
+    func pausedRuleLeftAlone() {
+        let (enforcement, shields, _, store) = makeEnforcement()
+        let snap = snapshot(kind: .openLimit, pausedUntil: date(2025, 1, 7, 0, 0))
+        store.save([snap])
+
+        enforcement.handleDayStart(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+        enforcement.handleOpenSessionEnded(ruleID: snap.id, now: monday, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs.isEmpty)
+    }
+}

OpenAppLockTests/TestSupport.swift

@@ -4,9 +4,45 @@
 //
 
 import Foundation
+import SwiftData
 
 @testable import OpenAppLock
 
+/// One in-memory ModelContainer shared by the whole test process.
+///
+/// Repeatedly creating containers for this schema (inverse relationships)
+/// trips an intermittent EXC_BREAKPOINT inside SwiftData's configuration
+/// setup — observed both in test runs and in a sequential snippet that made
+/// six containers. Tests therefore share a single container; isolation comes
+/// from a fresh ModelContext plus a data wipe per test.
+@MainActor
+private let sharedTestContainer: ModelContainer = {
+    do {
+        return try ModelContainer(
+            for: Schema([BlockingRule.self, AppList.self]),
+            configurations: ModelConfiguration(isStoredInMemoryOnly: true)
+        )
+    } catch {
+        fatalError("Could not create the shared test ModelContainer: \(error)")
+    }
+}()
+
+/// Fresh, empty SwiftData context for model tests. The wipe deletes object
+/// by object — batch `delete(model:)` refuses to fire the appList nullify
+/// inverse ("Constraint trigger violation").
+@MainActor
+func makeInMemoryContext() throws -> ModelContext {
+    let context = ModelContext(sharedTestContainer)
+    for rule in try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<BlockingRule>()) {
+        context.delete(rule)
+    }
+    for list in try context.fetch(FetchDescriptor<AppList>()) {
+        context.delete(list)
+    }
+    try context.save()
+    return context
+}
+
 /// Fixed UTC gregorian calendar so schedule math is deterministic regardless
 /// of the machine running the tests.
 let utc: Calendar = {

OpenAppLockTests/UsageTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+//
+//  UsageTests.swift
+//  OpenAppLockTests
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import Testing
+
+@testable import OpenAppLock
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Usage ledger")
+struct UsageLedgerTests {
+    private func makeLedger() -> UsageLedger {
+        let suiteName = "usage-tests-\(UUID().uuidString)"
+        let defaults = UserDefaults(suiteName: suiteName)!
+        defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: suiteName)
+        return UsageLedger(defaults: defaults)
+    }
+
+    let monday = date(2025, 1, 6, 10, 0)
+    let tuesday = date(2025, 1, 7, 10, 0)
+
+    @Test("Day keys are calendar dates")
+    func dayKey() {
+        #expect(UsageLedger.dayKey(for: monday, calendar: utc) == "2025-01-06")
+        #expect(UsageLedger.dayKey(for: date(2025, 12, 31, 23, 59), calendar: utc) == "2025-12-31")
+    }
+
+    @Test("Usage defaults to zero and round-trips")
+    func roundTrip() {
+        let ledger = makeLedger()
+        let ruleID = UUID()
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc) == RuleUsage())
+
+        ledger.setUsage(
+            RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 12, opensUsed: 3),
+            for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc
+        )
+        let read = ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        #expect(read.minutesUsed == 12)
+        #expect(read.opensUsed == 3)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Recorded minutes are monotonic per day")
+    func monotonicMinutes() {
+        let ledger = makeLedger()
+        let ruleID = UUID()
+        ledger.recordMinutesUsed(10, for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        ledger.recordMinutesUsed(7, for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc).minutesUsed == 10)
+        ledger.recordMinutesUsed(25, for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc).minutesUsed == 25)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Opens increment per day")
+    func opensIncrement() {
+        let ledger = makeLedger()
+        let ruleID = UUID()
+        ledger.recordOpen(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        ledger.recordOpen(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc).opensUsed == 2)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Usage is separated by day and rule")
+    func separation() {
+        let ledger = makeLedger()
+        let first = UUID()
+        let second = UUID()
+        ledger.recordMinutesUsed(30, for: first, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc)
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: first, onDayContaining: tuesday, calendar: utc) == RuleUsage())
+        #expect(ledger.usage(for: second, onDayContaining: monday, calendar: utc) == RuleUsage())
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Usage-aware rule status")
+struct UsageStatusTests {
+    let mondayMorning = date(2025, 1, 6, 10, 0)
+
+    private func timeLimitRule(limit: Int = 45) -> BlockingRule {
+        BlockingRule(name: "Time Keeper", kind: .timeLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay,
+                     dailyLimitMinutes: limit)
+    }
+
+    private func openLimitRule(maxOpens: Int = 5) -> BlockingRule {
+        BlockingRule(name: "Gate Keeper", kind: .openLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay,
+                     maxOpens: maxOpens)
+    }
+
+    @Test("A time-limit rule with budget left is not active")
+    func budgetLeftNotActive() {
+        let rule = timeLimitRule()
+        let status = rule.status(at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc, usage: RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 20))
+        #expect(!status.isActive)
+    }
+
+    @Test("A time-limit rule blocks until midnight once its budget is spent")
+    func spentBudgetBlocksUntilMidnight() {
+        let rule = timeLimitRule(limit: 45)
+        let status = rule.status(at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc, usage: RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 45))
+        #expect(status == .active(until: date(2025, 1, 7, 0, 0)))
+    }
+
+    @Test("An open-limit rule blocks once opens are exhausted")
+    func exhaustedOpensBlock() {
+        let rule = openLimitRule(maxOpens: 5)
+        let status = rule.status(at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc, usage: RuleUsage(opensUsed: 5))
+        #expect(status == .active(until: date(2025, 1, 7, 0, 0)))
+    }
+
+    @Test("A spent budget on a disabled day does not block")
+    func disabledDayDoesNotBlock() {
+        let rule = timeLimitRule()
+        rule.days = Weekday.weekends
+        let status = rule.status(at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc, usage: RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 99))
+        #expect(!status.isActive)
+    }
+
+    @Test("Unblocking a limit-blocked rule pauses it until midnight")
+    func unblockPausesUntilMidnight() {
+        let rule = timeLimitRule(limit: 45)
+        let usage = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 45)
+        #expect(RulePolicy.canUnblock(rule, usage: usage, at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc))
+        #expect(RulePolicy.unblock(rule, usage: usage, at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc))
+        #expect(rule.pausedUntil == date(2025, 1, 7, 0, 0))
+        #expect(
+            rule.status(at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc, usage: usage)
+                == .paused(until: date(2025, 1, 7, 0, 0)))
+    }
+
+    @Test("Hard Mode locks a limit-blocked rule and its app lists")
+    func hardModeLocksLimitBlock() {
+        let rule = timeLimitRule(limit: 45)
+        rule.hardMode = true
+        let usage = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 45)
+        #expect(RulePolicy.isHardLocked(rule, usage: usage, at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc))
+        #expect(!RulePolicy.canUnblock(rule, usage: usage, at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc))
+        #expect(
+            !RulePolicy.canEditAppLists(
+                rules: [rule], usageFor: { _ in usage }, at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc))
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Enforcement of limit rules")
+struct UsageEnforcementTests {
+    let mondayMorning = date(2025, 1, 6, 10, 0)
+
+    @Test("A spent time-limit rule is shielded in Block mode")
+    func shieldsSpentTimeLimit() {
+        let shields = MockShieldController()
+        let ledger = MockUsageLedger()
+        let enforcer = RuleEnforcer(shields: shields, usage: ledger)
+        let rule = BlockingRule(
+            name: "Time Keeper", kind: .timeLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay, dailyLimitMinutes: 45)
+        ledger.usageByRule[rule.id] = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 45)
+
+        enforcer.refresh(rules: [rule], at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs == [rule.id])
+        #expect(shields.appliedModes[rule.id] == .block)
+    }
+
+    @Test("A limit rule with budget left is not shielded")
+    func leavesUnspentLimitAlone() {
+        let shields = MockShieldController()
+        let ledger = MockUsageLedger()
+        let enforcer = RuleEnforcer(shields: shields, usage: ledger)
+        let rule = BlockingRule(
+            name: "Gate Keeper", kind: .openLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay, maxOpens: 5)
+        ledger.usageByRule[rule.id] = RuleUsage(opensUsed: 2)
+
+        enforcer.refresh(rules: [rule], at: mondayMorning, calendar: utc)
+
+        #expect(shields.shieldedRuleIDs.isEmpty)
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+@Suite("Usage display strings")
+struct UsageDisplayTests {
+    let timeRule = BlockingRule(
+        name: "Time Keeper", kind: .timeLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay, dailyLimitMinutes: 45)
+    let openRule = BlockingRule(
+        name: "Gate Keeper", kind: .openLimit, days: Weekday.everyDay, maxOpens: 5)
+
+    @Test("Time-limit rows show minutes used and remaining")
+    func timeLimitStrings() {
+        let usage = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 18)
+        #expect(UsageDisplay.subtitle(for: timeRule, usage: usage) == "18m of 45m used today")
+        #expect(UsageDisplay.remainingLabel(for: timeRule, usage: usage, isPaused: false) == "27m left")
+    }
+
+    @Test("Open-limit rows show opens used and remaining")
+    func openLimitStrings() {
+        let usage = RuleUsage(opensUsed: 2)
+        #expect(UsageDisplay.subtitle(for: openRule, usage: usage) == "2 of 5 opens today")
+        #expect(UsageDisplay.remainingLabel(for: openRule, usage: usage, isPaused: false) == "3 opens left")
+
+        let oneLeft = RuleUsage(opensUsed: 4)
+        #expect(UsageDisplay.remainingLabel(for: openRule, usage: oneLeft, isPaused: false) == "1 open left")
+    }
+
+    @Test("Spent budgets read as blocked, or unblocked while paused")
+    func exhaustedStrings() {
+        let spent = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 45)
+        #expect(
+            UsageDisplay.remainingLabel(for: timeRule, usage: spent, isPaused: false)
+                == "Blocked until tomorrow")
+        #expect(
+            UsageDisplay.remainingLabel(for: timeRule, usage: spent, isPaused: true)
+                == "Unblocked until tomorrow")
+        #expect(UsageDisplay.subtitle(for: timeRule, usage: spent) == "45m of 45m used today")
+    }
+
+    @Test("Overshoot clamps to the budget")
+    func overshootClamps() {
+        let over = RuleUsage(minutesUsed: 60)
+        #expect(UsageDisplay.subtitle(for: timeRule, usage: over) == "45m of 45m used today")
+    }
+}

OpenAppLockUITests/AppListUITests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+//
+//  AppListUITests.swift
+//  OpenAppLockUITests
+//
+
+import XCTest
+
+/// App lists: the editor's App List row, the picker (select / create / edit),
+/// rule-level Block vs Allow Only, and the Hard Mode list lockdown.
+final class AppListUITests: XCTestCase {
+    override func setUpWithError() throws {
+        continueAfterFailure = false
+    }
+
+    func testScheduleEditorOffersModeChoice() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock()
+        app.buttons["newRuleButton"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.buttons["ruleKind-schedule"].waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        app.staticTexts["ruleEditorTitle"].waitToAppear()
+        app.swipeUp()
+        app.element("selectionModePicker").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Apps are blocked"].exists)
+    }
+
+    func testLimitEditorsAreBlockOnly() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock()
+        app.buttons["newRuleButton"].waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        app.buttons["ruleKind-timeLimit"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.element("selectedAppsRow").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertFalse(
+            app.element("selectionModePicker").exists,
+            "Time-limit rules are always Block; the mode picker must not appear"
+        )
+
+        // Back to the rule-type list, then check the open-limit editor too.
+        let edge = app.coordinate(withNormalizedOffset: CGVector(dx: 0.02, dy: 0.5))
+        let middle = app.coordinate(withNormalizedOffset: CGVector(dx: 0.9, dy: 0.5))
+        edge.press(forDuration: 0.05, thenDragTo: middle)
+
+        app.buttons["ruleKind-openLimit"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.element("selectedAppsRow").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertFalse(app.element("selectionModePicker").exists)
+    }
+
+    func testCreateAppListFlowSelectsNewList() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock()
+        app.buttons["newRuleButton"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.buttons["ruleKind-timeLimit"].waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        app.element("selectedAppsRow").waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        // Fresh install: no lists yet, so the picker offers creation.
+        app.element("emptyAppListsLabel").waitToAppear()
+        app.buttons["newAppListButton"].tap()
+
+        let nameField = app.textFields["appListNameField"].waitToAppear()
+        nameField.tap()
+        nameField.typeText("Focus Apps\n")
+
+        // Screen 1 lists the (empty) selection; Edit Apps pushes the Screen
+        // Time picker, whose Save returns here.
+        app.element("emptySelectionLabel").waitToAppear()
+        app.buttons["editAppsButton"].tap()
+        app.element("selectionCountLabel").waitToAppear()
+        app.buttons["confirmSelectionButton"].tap()
+
+        app.buttons["saveAppListButton"].waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        // Saving pops back to the picker with the new list selected.
+        app.element("appListRow-Focus Apps").waitToAppear()
+        app.buttons["closeAppListPickerButton"].tap()
+
+        // The editor row now reports the chosen list.
+        let row = app.element("selectedAppsRow").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertTrue(row.label.contains("Focus Apps"), "Got: \(row.label)")
+    }
+
+    func testDetailShowsAppListName() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock(seedScenario: "standard")
+        app.buttons["ruleCard-Work Time"].waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        let row = app.element("detailRow-Block").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertTrue(row.label.contains("Distractions"), "Got: \(row.label)")
+    }
+
+    func testHardModeSessionLocksAppListEditing() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock(seedScenario: "hard-mode-active")
+
+        // "Sleep" is soft and editable even while "Locked In" hard-blocks.
+        app.buttons["ruleCard-Sleep"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.buttons["editRuleButton"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.element("selectedAppsRow").waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        app.element("appListRow-Distractions").waitToAppear()
+        app.element("appListsLockedNotice").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertFalse(
+            app.buttons["editAppListButton-Distractions"].exists,
+            "App lists must be read-only while a Hard Mode rule is blocking"
+        )
+    }
+
+    func testAppListsEditableWithoutHardSession() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock(seedScenario: "standard")
+
+        app.buttons["ruleCard-Sleep"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.buttons["editRuleButton"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.element("selectedAppsRow").waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        app.buttons["editAppListButton-Distractions"].waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertFalse(app.element("appListsLockedNotice").exists)
+    }
+}

OpenAppLockUITests/UsageUITests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//
+//  UsageUITests.swift
+//  OpenAppLockUITests
+//
+
+import XCTest
+
+/// The Usage section under Blocked Apps — seeded with limit rules at various
+/// budget states ("Time Keeper" 18m/45m, "Gate Keeper" 2/5 opens,
+/// "Doom Scroll" spent → blocked).
+final class UsageUITests: XCTestCase {
+    override func setUpWithError() throws {
+        continueAfterFailure = false
+    }
+
+    func testUsageSectionShowsTimeAndOpenBudgets() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock(seedScenario: "limits")
+
+        XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Usage"].waitToAppear().exists)
+
+        let timeRow = app.element("usageRow-Time Keeper").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertTrue(timeRow.label.contains("18m of 45m used today"), "Got: \(timeRow.label)")
+        XCTAssertTrue(timeRow.label.contains("27m left"), "Got: \(timeRow.label)")
+
+        let openRow = app.element("usageRow-Gate Keeper").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertTrue(openRow.label.contains("2 of 5 opens today"), "Got: \(openRow.label)")
+        XCTAssertTrue(openRow.label.contains("3 opens left"), "Got: \(openRow.label)")
+    }
+
+    func testSpentBudgetShowsAsBlockedUntilTomorrow() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock(seedScenario: "limits")
+
+        let spentRow = app.element("usageRow-Doom Scroll").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertTrue(spentRow.label.contains("Blocked until tomorrow"), "Got: \(spentRow.label)")
+        // A spent budget is a real block: the rule surfaces in Blocked Apps.
+        XCTAssertTrue(app.buttons["blockedTile-Doom Scroll"].waitToAppear().exists)
+    }
+
+    func testSpentBudgetCanBeUnblockedUntilTomorrow() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication.launchOpenAppLock(seedScenario: "limits")
+
+        app.buttons["blockedTile-Doom Scroll"].waitToAppear().tap()
+        app.sheets.buttons["Unblock"].waitToAppear().tap()
+
+        app.staticTexts["nothingBlockedLabel"].waitToAppear()
+        let row = app.element("usageRow-Doom Scroll").waitToAppear()
+        XCTAssertTrue(row.label.contains("Unblocked until tomorrow"), "Got: \(row.label)")
+    }
+}

Shared/AppGroup.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//
+//  AppGroup.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// The app group shared by the app and its Screen Time extensions. Usage
+/// tracking and rule snapshots live in its UserDefaults suite so the
+/// DeviceActivity monitor and shield extensions can read and write them.
+enum AppGroup {
+    static let identifier = "group.dev.bchen.OpenAppLock"
+
+    /// Shared defaults; falls back to standard defaults when the group
+    /// container is unavailable (e.g. entitlement not provisioned yet).
+    static var defaults: UserDefaults {
+        UserDefaults(suiteName: identifier) ?? .standard
+    }
+}

Shared/LimitEnforcement.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//
+//  LimitEnforcement.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// Shared reactions to Screen Time events for limit rules, driven by the
+/// snapshot store and usage ledger. The DeviceActivity monitor and shield
+/// extensions call these; keeping the logic here makes it unit-testable from
+/// the app target.
+struct LimitEnforcement {
+    let snapshots: RuleSnapshotStore
+    let ledger: UsageLedger
+    let shields: ShieldApplying
+
+    /// Midnight (or monitoring start): fresh budgets. Open-limit rules are
+    /// proactively shielded on enabled days so the shield can count opens;
+    /// time-limit rules start the day unshielded.
+    func handleDayStart(ruleID: UUID, now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current) {
+        guard let snapshot = snapshots.snapshot(for: ruleID), snapshot.isEnabled,
+              !snapshot.isPaused(at: now)
+        else { return }
+        let usage = ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: now, calendar: calendar)
+        switch snapshot.kind {
+        case .schedule:
+            break
+        case .openLimit:
+            if snapshot.isScheduledToday(at: now, calendar: calendar) {
+                shield(snapshot)
+            } else {
+                shields.clearShield(ruleID: ruleID)
+            }
+        case .timeLimit:
+            if snapshot.limitReached(given: usage),
+               snapshot.isScheduledToday(at: now, calendar: calendar) {
+                shield(snapshot)
+            } else {
+                shields.clearShield(ruleID: ruleID)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A cumulative usage checkpoint fired for a time-limit rule.
+    func handleUsageMinutes(
+        _ minutes: Int, ruleID: UUID, now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) {
+        ledger.recordMinutesUsed(minutes, for: ruleID, onDayContaining: now, calendar: calendar)
+        guard let snapshot = snapshots.snapshot(for: ruleID), snapshot.isEnabled,
+              snapshot.kind == .timeLimit,
+              !snapshot.isPaused(at: now),
+              snapshot.isScheduledToday(at: now, calendar: calendar)
+        else { return }
+        let usage = ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: now, calendar: calendar)
+        if snapshot.limitReached(given: usage) {
+            shield(snapshot)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The wall-clock session granted by an "Open" press ended; the shield
+    /// returns so the next open costs another press.
+    func handleOpenSessionEnded(
+        ruleID: UUID, now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) {
+        guard let snapshot = snapshots.snapshot(for: ruleID), snapshot.isEnabled,
+              snapshot.kind == .openLimit,
+              !snapshot.isPaused(at: now),
+              snapshot.isScheduledToday(at: now, calendar: calendar)
+        else { return }
+        shield(snapshot)
+    }
+
+    /// "Open" pressed on the shield. Spends one open and lifts the rule's
+    /// shield when the budget allows; returns whether a session was granted.
+    @discardableResult
+    func handleOpenRequest(
+        ruleID: UUID, now: Date = .now, calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) -> Bool {
+        guard let snapshot = snapshots.snapshot(for: ruleID), snapshot.isEnabled,
+              snapshot.kind == .openLimit,
+              !snapshot.isPaused(at: now)
+        else { return false }
+        let usage = ledger.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: now, calendar: calendar)
+        guard !snapshot.limitReached(given: usage) else { return false }
+        ledger.recordOpen(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: now, calendar: calendar)
+        shields.clearShield(ruleID: ruleID)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private func shield(_ snapshot: RuleSnapshot) {
+        shields.applyShield(
+            ruleID: snapshot.id,
+            selectionData: snapshot.selectionData,
+            mode: .block,
+            blockAdultContent: snapshot.blockAdultContent
+        )
+    }
+}

Shared/MonitoringPlan.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//
+//  MonitoringPlan.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// Naming conventions and event layouts shared by the app (which starts
+/// DeviceActivity monitoring) and the monitor extension (which decodes what
+/// fired).
+enum MonitoringPlan {
+    private static let dailyPrefix = "rule-"
+    private static let sessionPrefix = "open-session-"
+    private static let minutePrefix = "minutes-"
+
+    /// Wall-clock length of one granted open. 15 minutes is DeviceActivity's
+    /// minimum schedule interval, so an "open" lasts at most this long before
+    /// the shield returns.
+    static let openSessionMinutes = 15
+
+    /// The always-on, midnight-to-midnight activity tracking a rule's day.
+    static func dailyActivityName(for ruleID: UUID) -> String {
+        dailyPrefix + ruleID.uuidString
+    }
+
+    /// The one-shot activity timing a granted open.
+    static func sessionActivityName(for ruleID: UUID) -> String {
+        sessionPrefix + ruleID.uuidString
+    }
+
+    static func ruleID(fromDailyActivityName name: String) -> UUID? {
+        guard name.hasPrefix(dailyPrefix) else { return nil }
+        return UUID(uuidString: String(name.dropFirst(dailyPrefix.count)))
+    }
+
+    static func ruleID(fromSessionActivityName name: String) -> UUID? {
+        guard name.hasPrefix(sessionPrefix) else { return nil }
+        return UUID(uuidString: String(name.dropFirst(sessionPrefix.count)))
+    }
+
+    static func minuteEventName(for minutes: Int) -> String {
+        minutePrefix + String(minutes)
+    }
+
+    static func minutes(fromEventName name: String) -> Int? {
+        guard name.hasPrefix(minutePrefix) else { return nil }
+        return Int(name.dropFirst(minutePrefix.count))
+    }
+
+    /// Cumulative-usage checkpoints for a time-limit rule: one event per
+    /// minute up to the budget so remaining time can be displayed live; the
+    /// final one doubles as the block trigger. (Budgets cap at 240 minutes,
+    /// comfortably inside DeviceActivity's event capacity.)
+    static func minuteEvents(forLimit limitMinutes: Int) -> [String: Int] {
+        Dictionary(
+            uniqueKeysWithValues: (1...max(1, limitMinutes)).map {
+                (minuteEventName(for: $0), $0)
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}

Shared/RuleSnapshot.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//
+//  RuleSnapshot.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// Codable mirror of a rule, written to the app group by the app whenever
+/// rules change so the Screen Time extensions (which cannot open the
+/// SwiftData store) know what to enforce.
+struct RuleSnapshot: Codable, Equatable {
+    var id: UUID
+    var name: String
+    var kindRaw: String
+    var isEnabled: Bool
+    var hardMode: Bool
+    var blockAdultContent: Bool
+    var selectionModeRaw: String
+    var selectionData: Data?
+    var dayNumbers: [Int]
+    var dailyLimitMinutes: Int
+    var maxOpens: Int
+    var pausedUntil: Date?
+
+    var kind: RuleKind { RuleKind(rawValue: kindRaw) ?? .schedule }
+    var days: Set<Weekday> { Set(dayNumbers.compactMap(Weekday.init(rawValue:))) }
+
+    func isScheduledToday(at now: Date, calendar: Calendar = .current) -> Bool {
+        guard let weekday = Weekday(rawValue: calendar.component(.weekday, from: now)) else {
+            return false
+        }
+        return days.contains(weekday)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the given usage exhausts this rule's daily budget.
+    func limitReached(given usage: RuleUsage) -> Bool {
+        switch kind {
+        case .schedule: false
+        case .timeLimit: usage.minutesUsed >= dailyLimitMinutes
+        case .openLimit: usage.opensUsed >= maxOpens
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the user unblocked this rule for the rest of the day.
+    func isPaused(at now: Date) -> Bool {
+        guard let pausedUntil else { return false }
+        return pausedUntil > now
+    }
+}
+
+/// Persistence for the rule mirror in the shared app-group defaults.
+final class RuleSnapshotStore {
+    private static let key = "ruleSnapshots"
+    private let defaults: UserDefaults
+
+    init(defaults: UserDefaults = AppGroup.defaults) {
+        self.defaults = defaults
+    }
+
+    func save(_ snapshots: [RuleSnapshot]) {
+        guard let data = try? JSONEncoder().encode(snapshots) else { return }
+        defaults.set(data, forKey: Self.key)
+    }
+
+    func load() -> [RuleSnapshot] {
+        guard let data = defaults.data(forKey: Self.key),
+              let snapshots = try? JSONDecoder().decode([RuleSnapshot].self, from: data)
+        else { return [] }
+        return snapshots
+    }
+
+    func snapshot(for ruleID: UUID) -> RuleSnapshot? {
+        load().first { $0.id == ruleID }
+    }
+}

Shared/ShieldController.swift

@@ -13,18 +13,22 @@ protocol ShieldApplying: AnyObject {
     func applyShield(
         ruleID: UUID, selectionData: Data?, mode: SelectionMode, blockAdultContent: Bool
     )
+    /// Clears the shield of a single rule (used by the extensions for day
+    /// resets and granted opens).
+    func clearShield(ruleID: UUID)
     /// Clears every shield except those for the given rule IDs. Covers rules
     /// that were deleted or expired while the app was not running.
     func clearShields(except activeRuleIDs: Set<UUID>)
 }
 
 /// Real shield enforcement via per-rule `ManagedSettingsStore`s. Store names
-/// are tracked in UserDefaults because ManagedSettings cannot enumerate them.
+/// are tracked in the shared app-group defaults (ManagedSettings cannot
+/// enumerate stores) so the app and extensions see one consistent set.
 final class ManagedSettingsShieldController: ShieldApplying {
     private static let trackedIDsKey = "shieldedRuleIDs"
     private let defaults: UserDefaults
 
-    init(defaults: UserDefaults = .standard) {
+    init(defaults: UserDefaults = AppGroup.defaults) {
         self.defaults = defaults
     }
 
@@ -50,11 +54,15 @@ final class ManagedSettingsShieldController: ShieldApplying {
         track(ruleID: ruleID)
     }
 
-    func clearShields(except activeRuleIDs: Set<UUID>) {
+    func clearShield(ruleID: UUID) {
-        for ruleID in trackedIDs.subtracting(activeRuleIDs) {
         store(for: ruleID).clearAllSettings()
         untrack(ruleID: ruleID)
     }
+
+    func clearShields(except activeRuleIDs: Set<UUID>) {
+        for ruleID in trackedIDs.subtracting(activeRuleIDs) {
+            clearShield(ruleID: ruleID)
+        }
     }
 
     private func store(for ruleID: UUID) -> ManagedSettingsStore {
@@ -82,6 +90,7 @@ final class MockShieldController: ShieldApplying {
     private(set) var shieldedRuleIDs: Set<UUID> = []
     private(set) var appliedModes: [UUID: SelectionMode] = [:]
     private(set) var appliedAdultContentFlags: [UUID: Bool] = [:]
+    private(set) var appliedSelectionData: [UUID: Data?] = [:]
 
     func applyShield(
         ruleID: UUID, selectionData: Data?, mode: SelectionMode, blockAdultContent: Bool
@@ -89,6 +98,14 @@ final class MockShieldController: ShieldApplying {
         shieldedRuleIDs.insert(ruleID)
         appliedModes[ruleID] = mode
         appliedAdultContentFlags[ruleID] = blockAdultContent
+        appliedSelectionData[ruleID] = selectionData
+    }
+
+    func clearShield(ruleID: UUID) {
+        shieldedRuleIDs.remove(ruleID)
+        appliedModes[ruleID] = nil
+        appliedAdultContentFlags[ruleID] = nil
+        appliedSelectionData[ruleID] = nil
     }
 
     func clearShields(except activeRuleIDs: Set<UUID>) {
@@ -97,6 +114,7 @@ final class MockShieldController: ShieldApplying {
         appliedAdultContentFlags = appliedAdultContentFlags.filter {
             activeRuleIDs.contains($0.key)
         }
+        appliedSelectionData = appliedSelectionData.filter { activeRuleIDs.contains($0.key) }
     }
 }
 

Shared/ShieldLookup.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//
+//  ShieldLookup.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import FamilyControls
+import Foundation
+import ManagedSettings
+
+/// Matches shielded tokens back to the rule that shields them, so the shield
+/// UI can offer "Open" with the right counts for open-limit rules.
+enum ShieldLookup {
+    static func openLimitSnapshot(
+        containingApplication token: ApplicationToken, in snapshots: [RuleSnapshot]
+    ) -> RuleSnapshot? {
+        snapshots.first { snapshot in
+            guard snapshot.kind == .openLimit, snapshot.isEnabled else { return false }
+            return AppSelectionCodec.decode(snapshot.selectionData)
+                .applicationTokens.contains(token)
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func openLimitSnapshot(
+        containingCategory token: ActivityCategoryToken, in snapshots: [RuleSnapshot]
+    ) -> RuleSnapshot? {
+        snapshots.first { snapshot in
+            guard snapshot.kind == .openLimit, snapshot.isEnabled else { return false }
+            return AppSelectionCodec.decode(snapshot.selectionData)
+                .categoryTokens.contains(token)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Any enabled rule whose selection includes the application (for naming
+    /// plain blocked shields).
+    static func snapshot(
+        containingApplication token: ApplicationToken, in snapshots: [RuleSnapshot]
+    ) -> RuleSnapshot? {
+        snapshots.first { snapshot in
+            guard snapshot.isEnabled else { return false }
+            return AppSelectionCodec.decode(snapshot.selectionData)
+                .applicationTokens.contains(token)
+        }
+    }
+}

Shared/UsageLedger.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//
+//  UsageLedger.swift
+//  OpenAppLock
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// What a limit rule has consumed on a given day. Written by the
+/// DeviceActivity monitor (minutes) and shield-action extension (opens);
+/// read by the app for display and enforcement.
+struct RuleUsage: Codable, Equatable {
+    var minutesUsed = 0
+    var opensUsed = 0
+}
+
+/// Read access to per-rule, per-day usage.
+protocol UsageReading: AnyObject {
+    func usage(for ruleID: UUID, onDayContaining date: Date, calendar: Calendar) -> RuleUsage
+}
+
+extension UsageReading {
+    func usage(for ruleID: UUID, onDayContaining date: Date) -> RuleUsage {
+        usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: date, calendar: .current)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Usage bookkeeping in the shared app-group defaults, keyed by calendar day
+/// and rule. Old days are simply ignored; midnight needs no reset step.
+final class UsageLedger: UsageReading {
+    private let defaults: UserDefaults
+
+    init(defaults: UserDefaults = AppGroup.defaults) {
+        self.defaults = defaults
+    }
+
+    /// "2026-06-12" — calendar-date key so budgets roll over at midnight.
+    static func dayKey(for date: Date, calendar: Calendar = .current) -> String {
+        let parts = calendar.dateComponents([.year, .month, .day], from: date)
+        return String(format: "%04d-%02d-%02d", parts.year ?? 0, parts.month ?? 0, parts.day ?? 0)
+    }
+
+    func usage(
+        for ruleID: UUID, onDayContaining date: Date, calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) -> RuleUsage {
+        guard let data = defaults.data(forKey: key(ruleID, date, calendar)),
+              let usage = try? JSONDecoder().decode(RuleUsage.self, from: data)
+        else { return RuleUsage() }
+        return usage
+    }
+
+    func setUsage(
+        _ usage: RuleUsage, for ruleID: UUID, onDayContaining date: Date,
+        calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) {
+        guard let data = try? JSONEncoder().encode(usage) else { return }
+        defaults.set(data, forKey: key(ruleID, date, calendar))
+    }
+
+    /// Threshold events report cumulative totals, so minutes only move up.
+    func recordMinutesUsed(
+        _ minutes: Int, for ruleID: UUID, onDayContaining date: Date,
+        calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) {
+        var usage = self.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: date, calendar: calendar)
+        usage.minutesUsed = max(usage.minutesUsed, minutes)
+        setUsage(usage, for: ruleID, onDayContaining: date, calendar: calendar)
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    func recordOpen(
+        for ruleID: UUID, onDayContaining date: Date, calendar: Calendar = .current
+    ) -> RuleUsage {
+        var usage = self.usage(for: ruleID, onDayContaining: date, calendar: calendar)
+        usage.opensUsed += 1
+        setUsage(usage, for: ruleID, onDayContaining: date, calendar: calendar)
+        return usage
+    }
+
+    private func key(_ ruleID: UUID, _ date: Date, _ calendar: Calendar) -> String {
+        "usage/\(Self.dayKey(for: date, calendar: calendar))/\(ruleID.uuidString)"
+    }
+}
+
+/// Seedable in-memory usage for tests and UI-test scenarios.
+final class MockUsageLedger: UsageReading {
+    var usageByRule: [UUID: RuleUsage] = [:]
+
+    func usage(
+        for ruleID: UUID, onDayContaining date: Date, calendar: Calendar
+    ) -> RuleUsage {
+        usageByRule[ruleID] ?? RuleUsage()
+    }
+}

docs/RULES_FEATURE_SPEC.md

@@ -23,7 +23,16 @@ Common attributes across all types:
 
 - **Name** — user-editable, free text (presets: "Work Time", "Weekend Zen", "Locked In", "Sleep", "Wind Down", "Deep Sleep", "Laser Focus", "Reading Time", "Gym Time"; defaults for new rules: "In the Zone" (schedule), "Time Keeper" (time limit))
 - **Days of week** — 7-day toggle set, summarized as "Weekdays" / "Weekends" / "Every day" / custom
-- **App selection** — apps, categories, and websites; selection mode is either **Block** (block selected) or **Allow Only** (block everything except selected)
+- **App List** *(OpenAppLock refinement)* — each rule points to exactly one
+  **App List**: a named, reusable selection of apps/categories/websites stored
+  independently of any rule. When editing a rule the user picks an existing
+  list or creates a new one; editing a list affects every rule that uses it.
+  Deleting a list detaches it from its rules (they fall back to "no apps").
+- **Selection mode** — **Block** (block the list) or **Allow Only** (block
+  everything except the list). The mode belongs to the *rule*, not the list.
+  Only **Schedule** rules offer the choice; Time Limit and Open Limit rules
+  are always Block (a usage budget over "everything except X" is not
+  meaningful, and drafts of those kinds are sanitized back to Block).
 - **Hard Mode** — boolean, PRO-gated in Opal; subtitle "No unblocks allowed". When off, the rule detail shows "Unblocks allowed: Yes"
 - **Enabled/disabled** — a rule can be disabled without deleting ("Disable Rule")
 
@@ -67,6 +76,17 @@ Dark theme throughout (near-black background, very dark green tint).
    icons. Each icon has a lock badge overlay and a teal/green rounded-rect
    outline; caption "Unblock" under the icon. Tapping unblocks (with friction
    if hard mode — not demoed).
+   *(OpenAppLock)* Time/Open Limit rules whose budget is spent for the day
+   also appear here, blocked until midnight.
+3. **Usage** *(OpenAppLock addition — not in the Opal video)* — a section
+   directly below Blocked Apps showing live tracking for every enabled
+   Time/Open Limit rule scheduled today:
+   - Time Limit row: subtitle "18m of 45m used today", trailing "27m left";
+     when spent: "Blocked until tomorrow" (red).
+   - Open Limit row: subtitle "2 of 5 opens today", trailing "3 opens left";
+     when spent: "Blocked until tomorrow" (red).
+   Usage numbers come from the shared app-group ledger written by the
+   DeviceActivity monitor and shield-action extensions.
 3. **Rules** — header row: "Rules ›" (leading, tappable to a full list,
    presumably) and "**+ New**" (trailing, green tint) which opens the New Rule
    sheet.
@@ -147,7 +167,11 @@ Sections (each an inset rounded group with a small icon + caption header):
    row of 7 circular toggles `S M T W T F S`; selected = filled white circle
    with black letter, unselected = dark circle.
 3. **🛡 Apps are blocked**
-   - Row: `Selected Apps` → `N Apps ›` — pushes the App Picker.
+   - Row: `App List` → `<list name> · N Apps ›` (or `Choose ›` when none) —
+     presents the App List picker.
+   - A segmented `Block | Allow Only` row (Schedule editor only) chooses how
+     the rule interprets its list; the section header reads "Apps are
+     blocked" / "Only these apps are allowed" accordingly.
 4. **Hard Mode** `⚡PRO` badge — subtitle "No unblocks allowed"; trailing
    toggle.
 5. **Block Adult Content** *(OpenAppLock addition — not in the Opal video)* —
@@ -209,8 +233,22 @@ Full-height sheet:
 > parties cannot enumerate installed apps; the system-sanctioned route is
 > `FamilyActivityPicker` (FamilyControls), which provides its own
 > category/app/website UI and returns opaque tokens. **v1 of OpenAppLock should
-> embed `FamilyActivityPicker`** instead of cloning Opal's custom picker, and
+> embed `FamilyActivityPicker`** instead of cloning Opal's custom picker.
-> keep the `Block`/`Allow Only` segmented control as our own wrapper state.
+>
+> **App Lists (OpenAppLock):** the selection itself lives on a reusable
+> **App List** (`@Model AppList`: name + encoded `FamilyActivitySelection`).
+> The editor's App List row presents a picker sheet listing saved lists
+> (checkmark on the rule's current list; tap to select), an Edit affordance
+> per list, and a "New List" flow — a name field plus an embedded
+> `FamilyActivityPicker`. The `Block`/`Allow Only` segmented control lives in
+> the Schedule rule editor (it is rule state, not list state). Legacy rules
+> that stored an inline selection are migrated at launch: one list per
+> distinct selection (rules sharing identical selection data share a list),
+> named "<rule name> Apps". Lists in use by a rule cannot be deleted from the
+> picker. While any **Hard Mode** rule is actively blocking, all lists are
+> read-only — the picker hides Edit/Delete and shows a lock notice — because
+> editing a list would be a back door out of the hard block. Creating new
+> lists and selecting lists for other rules remain available.
 
 ---
 
@@ -230,6 +268,15 @@ Full-height sheet:
 4. **Time-limit rules** — accumulate usage daily across the selected apps;
    on crossing the threshold, shield until the `Until` reset point
    (e.g. tomorrow), then reset the budget.
+   *(OpenAppLock specifics)*: usage lives in a per-rule, per-day **usage
+   ledger** in the app group. A limit rule's derived status becomes
+   `active(until: next midnight)` once the ledger reports the budget spent on
+   an enabled day — it then surfaces in Blocked Apps, Hard Mode gating
+   applies, and a soft unblock pauses it until midnight. Open-limit rules
+   work the same with an opens budget; while opens remain, their apps stay
+   shielded with an "Open" button on the shield (each press spends one open
+   and lifts the shield for up to 15 minutes — the DeviceActivity minimum
+   interval).
 5. **Disable vs delete** — "Disable Rule" pauses scheduling but keeps the
    rule (card presumably shows disabled state). No delete flow was shown;
    add delete via swipe/long-press or a button in the editor.
@@ -324,7 +371,33 @@ enum SelectionMode: String, Codable { case block, allowOnly }
 6. Preset gallery content + polish (gradients, photos, haptics, live
    countdown timers).
 
-### 5.5 Out of scope (seen in video, not part of "rules")
+### 5.5 Background enforcement architecture (implemented)
+
+- **App group** `group.dev.bchen.OpenAppLock` shares three stores between the
+  app and its extensions: `RuleSnapshotStore` (Codable rule mirror, written
+  by `RuleScheduler` on every enforcement refresh), `UsageLedger` (per-rule,
+  per-day minutes/opens), and the shield-store tracking list.
+- **`RuleScheduler` (app)** reconciles DeviceActivity monitoring with the
+  enabled limit rules: one repeating 00:00–23:59 activity per rule
+  (`rule-<uuid>`); time-limit rules carry one cumulative usage-threshold
+  event per budget minute (`minutes-<k>`) over the rule's app list.
+  Activities restart only when their configuration changes, because a
+  restart resets threshold accounting.
+- **`OpenAppLockMonitor`** (DeviceActivityMonitor extension): interval start
+  = midnight reset (open-limit rules re-shield so opens can be counted;
+  time-limit shields clear for the fresh budget); each `minutes-<k>` event
+  records usage and shields at the budget; a finished `open-session-<uuid>`
+  one-shot re-shields after a granted open.
+- **`OpenAppLockShieldConfig`** (ShieldConfiguration extension): open-limit
+  shields show "Opened X of N times today" with an "Open (Y left)" secondary
+  button; other shields show the blocking rule's name.
+- **`OpenAppLockShieldAction`** (ShieldAction extension): the Open press
+  spends one open in the ledger, lifts the rule's shield, and starts the
+  ~15-minute one-shot session (DeviceActivity's minimum interval).
+- All shared logic lives in `Shared/` (notably `LimitEnforcement`), unit
+  tested from the app test target.
+
+### 5.6 Out of scope (seen in video, not part of "rules")
 
 - Onboarding flow, paywall ("You know Opal works. Make it permanent."),
   Home tab gem/score UI, Timer tab (one-off focus sessions, "Leave Early?"